pertussis の最近の進展について
Natasha S Crowcroft1, Richard G Pebody
1Immunisation Department, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London NW9 5EQ, UK. Natasha.Crowcroft@HPA.org.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|June 13, 2006
まとめ
百日咳の予防接種は子供にとって非常に重要ですが,突破的な感染が発生します. この持続的な呼吸器疾患と戦うために,ブースターや妊婦のワクチン接種を含む新しい戦略が検討されています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
- ワクチン学 ワクチン学
背景:
- 百日咳 (百日咳) は,特に発展途上国において,毎年数十万の幼児死亡を引き起こし,世界的な健康上の重大な脅威であり続けています.
- pertussis ワクチン接種は乳児と小児に効果的ですが,ワクチン接種を受けた人での突破性感染症は,進行中の課題を強調しています.
- 百日咳のコントロールは複雑で,高死亡率地域におけるワクチン接種率の改善から,ワクチン接種率の高い地域における青少年および成人の増加を管理するまでの問題があります.
研究 の 目的:
- pertussisのコントロールと予防における現在の課題と新興戦略をレビューする.
- 百日咳の伝播動態の不確実性と,データ改善の必要性を強調する.
- 人口の百日咳に対する免疫力を高めるための新しいワクチン接種アプローチについて議論する.
主な方法:
- pertussis 疫学,ワクチン接種の影響,および制御プログラムに関する既存の文献のレビュー.
- 異なる年齢層および地理的環境における pertussis の発生傾向の分析.
- ブースター投与および新しいターゲット集団を含む,現在のおよび提案されたワクチン接種戦略の検討.
主要な成果:
- 百日咳ワクチン接種は,子供の死亡率と入院数を大幅に減少させていますが,世界中で課題が残っています.
- 青少年,成人,未接種の乳児の pertussis 症例の増加が報告されていますが,その程度は議論されています.
- 青少年および成人の新しいブースタープログラムの有効性は,限られたデータがあるため,現在不明です.
結論:
- 一部の地域ではワクチン接種率が高いにもかかわらず,百日咳は制御が難しい小児疾患であり続けています.
- 特に成人から乳児への感染に関する重要なデータ不足は,最適なワクチンプログラム設計を妨げています.
- 妊婦,新生児,家族との接触者へのワクチン接種などの革新的な戦略は, pertussis コントロールを改善するために調査されています.
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