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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
Published on: December 17, 2012
異変したmRNAを細胞プラズマの処理体に標的とする
1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, USA.
Cell
|June 17, 2006
まとめ
酵母菌における無意味媒介性腐敗 (NMD) は,欠陥のあるmRNAを分解のためにP体へと標的とする. Upf1pのような特定のタンパク質は,このターゲティングとその後のmRNAの分解を容易にし,異常と正常のトランスクリプトを区別します.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- 無意味な媒介による衰退 (NMD) は,真核生物における重要なmRNA監視経路である.
- NMDは,早期終結コドン (PTC) を含むメッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) を識別し,分解する.
- このプロセスは,異常なトランスクリプトを排除することによって,細胞品質管理を保証します.
研究 の 目的:
- NMD経路における酵母P体の役割を調査する.
- mRNAのターゲティングと分解における主要なNMD因子 (Upf1p,Upf2p,Upf3p) の特定の機能を解明する.
- NMDメカニズムの洗練されたモデルを提案する.
主な方法:
- 酵母をモデル生物として利用した.
- P-bodies.にPTCを含むmRNAの局所化を調査した.
- NMD.におけるUpfタンパク質とUpf1p ATPase活性に対する要求を評価した.
- P-bodyターゲティングとデカッピングにおけるUpfタンパク質の役割を区別した.
主要な成果:
- イーストのNMDは,PTCを含むmRNAをP-bodyに標的にする.
- Upf1pは,mRNAをP-bodyにターゲティングするのに十分である.
- Upf2pとUpf3pは,P-bodyの局所化から下流でデカッピングを誘発することに関与しています.
- Upf1p ATPaseの活動は,NMDのポスト-P-ボディターゲティングに不可欠です.
- Upf1pは,分解を促すことなく,正常なmRNAをP体に標的にすることができます.
結論:
- NMDの2段階モデルが提案され,正常と異常のmRNAを区別する.
- P-body ターゲティングは,Upf1pが媒介するNMDの初期段階です.
- Upf2p,Upf3p,Upf1pのATPアゼ活性を含む後のステップは,異常なmRNAの劣化につながります.
関連する概念動画
Nuclear Export of mRNA
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Regulated mRNA Transport
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Nuclear Export of mRNA
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay
The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

