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Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

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Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
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The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Applications of the Ideal Gas Law: Molar Mass, Density, and Volume03:43

Applications of the Ideal Gas Law: Molar Mass, Density, and Volume

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The volume occupied by one mole of a substance is its molar volume. The ideal gas law, PV = nRT, suggests that the volume of a given quantity of gas and the number of moles in a given volume of gas vary with changes in pressure and temperature. At standard temperature and pressure, or STP (273.15 K and 1 atm), one mole of an ideal gas (regardless of its identity) has a volume of about 22.4 L — this is referred to as the standard molar volume.
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

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Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
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Preparing Silica Aerogel Monoliths via a Rapid Supercritical Extraction Method
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アモルフなシリカのような二酸化炭素である.

Mario Santoro1, Federico A Gorelli, Roberto Bini

  • 1LENS, European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy and INFM, Via N. Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy. santoro@lens.unifi.it

Nature
|June 17, 2006
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者らは,炭素二酸化物 (a-CO2) の新しい無形形形態を合成し,これを炭素二酸化物 (a-CO2) と称した.

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科学分野:

  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 化学 化学は化学です.
  • 物理 物理学 物理学とは

背景:

  • 二酸化炭素 (CO2) は通常,酸素と二重結合を形成する.
  • シリカ (SiO2) やゲルマニア (GeO2) と異なり,アモルフなCO2は環境条件では合成されていません.
  • 以前のアモルフなCO2の形態は,シミュレーションによって予測された理論的のみでした.

研究 の 目的:

  • 炭素二酸化物 (a-CO2) の新しい無形,シリカのような形態を合成し,特徴づけること.
  • 高圧および高温下におけるCO2の構造および結合の変化を調査する.
  • a-CO2が他のグループIVの二酸化炭素ガラスと構造的に同型かどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • 分子CO2の圧縮 (第3段階) 室温で40~48GPa.
  • 結合形成と分子シグネチャーを観察するために赤外線スペクトロスコピーを用いた分析.
  • アモルフな構造の確認のためにラマン光譜法とシンクロトロンX線微分を用いた特徴化.

主要な成果:

  • 二酸化炭素の非分子,無形形態 ("a-carbonia") の合成に成功しました.
  • 圧力下でのC=OダブルボンドからC-O単一ボンドへの変換を観察した.
  • アモルフな構造と,アモルフなシリカとゲルマニアとの構造的ホモロジーが確認された.

結論:

  • ネットワークを形成する無秩序なシステムのクラスには,無形な二酸化炭素 (a-CO2) も含まれています.
  • この発見は,グループIVの二酸化物とその無形相に関する私たちの理解を広げています.
  • a-CO2は,材料科学における潜在的な応用を持つ新しい材料を表しています.