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関連する概念動画

Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
09:00

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

人体における探索的決定のための皮質基板

Nathaniel D Daw1, John P O'Doherty, Peter Dayan

  • 1Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London (UCL), Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK. daw@gatsby.ucl.ac.uk

Nature
|June 17, 2006
PubMed
まとめ

この研究は,意思決定における探査対搾取のための明確な脳領域を明らかにしています. フロントポーラ皮質とイントラパリエタルシルカスは,探査中に活発であり,ストライアタムとベントロメディアル前頭前皮質は,探査をサポートします.

科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • コグニティブ・サイエンス コグニティブ・サイエンス
  • 意思決定科学 意思決定科学

背景:

  • 不確実な状況下での意思決定には,情報収集 (探索) と既存の知識の活用 (活用) のバランスをとる必要があります.
  • 利用のためのニューラル基底は知られているが,探査のための基底はあまり理解されていない.
  • 強化学習理論は,これらのプロセスを理解するためのコンピューティングフレームワークを提供します.

研究 の 目的:

  • 人間における探索的および搾取的な意思決定のニューラル関連性を特定する.
  • 探査-搾取のジレンマを支える脳のシステムを特徴づける.
  • 不確実性下での行動選択の計算モデルを提案する.

主な方法:

  • 人間の被験者は,探査-搾取の選択を誘発するためにギャンブルタスクを実行しました.
  • 計算モデリングは,ジレンマに対する被験者の戦略を特徴づけた.
  • 機能性磁気共鳴画像 (fMRI) は,探索的および搾取的な決定に関連した脳活動パターンを特定しました.

主要な成果:

  • フロントポーラ皮質とイントラペリエタルシルカスは,探索的決定の際に好ましい活性化を示した.
  • 体と中腹前頭前皮質は,価値に基づいた,搾取的な意思決定の際に活発でした.

さらに関連する動画

Multi-layer Cortical Ca2+ Imaging in Freely Moving Mice with Prism Probes and Miniaturized Fluorescence Microscopy
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Multi-layer Cortical Ca2+ Imaging in Freely Moving Mice with Prism Probes and Miniaturized Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: June 13, 2017

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex
09:00

Investigating the Function of Deep Cortical and Subcortical Structures Using Stereotactic Electroencephalography: Lessons from the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Published on: April 15, 2015

Multi-layer Cortical Ca2+ Imaging in Freely Moving Mice with Prism Probes and Miniaturized Fluorescence Microscopy
10:35

Multi-layer Cortical Ca2+ Imaging in Freely Moving Mice with Prism Probes and Miniaturized Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: June 13, 2017

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

  • 意思決定は,異なる行動モードの切り替えとしてモデル化されました.

    • 結論:

    • 異なる神経回路は,探索的および搾取的な意思決定モードをサポートします.
    • フロントポーラ皮質とイントラペリエタルシルカスは,探査の鍵です.
    • ストライアタムとベントロメディアル前頭前皮質は,補強学習モデルと整合して,搾取に不可欠です.