関連する実験動画
Updated: Jul 19, 2026

11:17
Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear
Published on: August 24, 2012
1989年にニューヨーク州がベンゾジアゼピン処方箋を3倍に規制した結果
M Weintraub1, S Singh, L Byrne
1Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY 14642.
JAMA
|November 6, 1991
まとめ
ニューヨーク州のベンゾジアゼピン規制の3倍化により,ベンゾジアゼピン処方箋が大幅に減少しました. しかし,安全性の低い代替品の処方量は増加し,患者のケアと公衆衛生への影響に関する懸念が高まっています.
科学分野:
- 薬理学 薬理学とは
- 公共衛生政策 公共衛生政策
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
背景:
- ベンゾジアゼピン薬は,さまざまな状態のために広く処方されています.
- ベンゾジアゼピンの長期的な安全性と有効性については懸念があります.
- ベンゾジアゼピン処方管理のために規制介入が提案されています.
研究 の 目的:
- ニューヨーク州のベンゾジアゼピン規制の3倍が処方パターンに与える影響を評価するために.
- 精神活性薬に対するメディケイドの支出の変化を評価する.
- ニューヨーク州における処方傾向を全国データと比較する.
主な方法:
- 国立処方箋監査 (IMS America),ニューヨーク州メディケイド,ブルークロス/ブルーシールドのデータを活用した.
- ベンゾジアゼピンと代替的鎮静薬-催眠薬の処方データを,規制の実施前と後に分析した.
- 精神薬の支出データを比較する.
主要な成果:
- ニューヨーク州では,ベンゾジアゼピン処方量が規制後の30~60%減少した.
- 代替的鎮静剤 (メプロバマート,クロラル水素など) の処方量は,全米の傾向と比較して,ニューヨーク州で著しく増加した.
- ベンゾジアゼピンに対するメディケイドの支出は52%減少し,代替鎮静剤の支出は115%増加した.
結論:
- 規制の3倍化は,ベンゾジアゼピン処方量を効果的に削減したが,より望ましくない代替品の増加につながった.
- この研究は,患者のケアと公衆衛生に対する潜在的な意図しない影響を強調しています.
- 類似の規制が広く採用される前に,さらなる研究が推奨されています.
関連する概念動画
Nuclear Stability
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
To hold positively charged protons together in the...
SN2 Reaction: Mechanism
The kinetic studies of SN2 reactions suggest an essential feature of its mechanism: it is a single-step process without intermediates. Here, both the nucleophile and the substrate participate in the rate-determining step.
The presence of the more electronegative halogen in the substrate creates a polarized carbon-halide bond. The halide pulls the electron cloud generating an electrophilic center at the carbon atom. Thus, the carbon atom carries a partial positive charge while the halide has a...
The presence of the more electronegative halogen in the substrate creates a polarized carbon-halide bond. The halide pulls the electron cloud generating an electrophilic center at the carbon atom. Thus, the carbon atom carries a partial positive charge while the halide has a...
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
Resultant of a General Distributed Loading
While designing structures exposed to non-uniform loads, it is crucial to consider the resultant force and its location. This resultant force is a single vector representing the net force applied due to the distributed load.
Examples such as load distribution due to wind and load distribution on a bridge illustrate how this concept is used to analyze and design safe, reliable structures under variable loading conditions. Most structures, such as residential buildings, bridges, and towers, are...
Examples such as load distribution due to wind and load distribution on a bridge illustrate how this concept is used to analyze and design safe, reliable structures under variable loading conditions. Most structures, such as residential buildings, bridges, and towers, are...
Routh-Hurwitz Criterion II
In the application of the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, two specific scenarios can arise that complicate stability analysis.
The first scenario occurs when a singular zero appears in the first column of the Routh table. This situation creates a division by zero issues. To resolve this, a small positive or negative number, denoted as epsilon (∈), is substituted for the zero. The stability analysis proceeds by assuming a sign for ∈. If ∈ is positive, any sign change in the first column of the Routh...
The first scenario occurs when a singular zero appears in the first column of the Routh table. This situation creates a division by zero issues. To resolve this, a small positive or negative number, denoted as epsilon (∈), is substituted for the zero. The stability analysis proceeds by assuming a sign for ∈. If ∈ is positive, any sign change in the first column of the Routh...
Midpoint Rule
Approximating areas under curved boundaries is a common problem in applied mathematics, particularly when an exact calculation is difficult or impractical. One effective numerical method for this purpose is the Midpoint Rule, which provides an estimate of the area under a curve by using rectangular approximations over a specified interval.Description of the Midpoint RuleThe Midpoint Rule begins by dividing the given interval into a number of equal subintervals. For each subinterval, the...

