アイヴァルメクチンの繰り返し投与が眼性オンコサーキアシスに与える影響:シエラレオネにおけるコミュニティベースの試験
J A Whitworth1, C E Gilbert, D M Mabey
1Medical Research Council Laboratory, Bo, Sierra Leone.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 2, 1991
まとめ
繰り返し投与されたイヴァルメクチンは,前部オンコサーキアシス眼疾患を効果的に治療します. 後部セグメント効果についてはさらなる研究が必要ですが,リスクのあるコミュニティでは大量配布が推奨されています.
科学分野:
- オフタルモロジック (眼科)
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
- 寄生虫学とは,寄生虫学である.
背景:
- オンコサーキアシス (Onchocerciasis) は,失明を引き起こす寄生虫性疾患である.
- イヴァルメクチンは,オンコサーキアシスの治療に単回投与で有効です.
- 繰り返し投与されたイヴァルメクチンと眼への影響に関するデータは限られている.
研究 の 目的:
- 繰り返し投与されたイヴァルメクチンの眼効果を評価する.
- 前部対後部セグメントの眼疾患におけるイヴァルメクチンの有効性を比較する.
- オンコサーキアシス患者における安全性と視覚的結果を評価する.
主な方法:
- シエラレオネでのダブルブラインド,プラセボ対照,ランダム化試験.
- 586人の村人が6ヶ月の間隔で4回のアイヴェルメクチンまたはプラセボを投与されました.
- 眼科検査では,前後部部疾患,視力の鋭さ,および合併症を評価した.
主要な成果:
- イヴァルメクチンは,前腔と角膜のマイクロフィラリア,点状角膜炎,イリチスを含む前部セグメント疾患を大幅に軽減しました.
- スクレロージング角膜炎,光学縮,または胆炎では有意な差異は観察されなかった.
- イーバーメクチン群では,視覚の鋭度が改善する傾向が有意でないことが示され,血管の覆いはわずかに増加した.
結論:
- 繰り返し投与されたイヴァルメクチンは,前部オンコサーキアシスに対して安全で有効です.
- 後部セグメント疾患に対する長期的な影響については,さらなる調査が必要である.
- 前部セグメント疾患のリスクのあるハイパーエンデミックなオンコサーキアシスコミュニティでは,イヴァルメクチンの大量配給が推奨されます.
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