刑務所での自殺に対する精神科サービスの影響
1Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 7, 1991
まとめ
精神障害のある囚人をオークランドの精神病院に移送する制限は,刑務所での自殺率の劇的な上昇につながった. これは,矯正施設内でのアクセシブルな精神保健医療の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 法医学精神医学は,法医学精神医学である.
- 公共衛生政策 公共衛生政策
- クリミノロジー 犯罪学
背景:
- 1983年,オークランドは精神障害のある囚人を精神病院に移送する際の厳しい制限を実施した.
- この政策の変更はオークランドに特有のもので,ニュージーランドの他の地域は以前の慣行を維持している.
研究 の 目的:
- 監獄での自殺率に対する精神病院移送制限政策の影響を調査する.
- 政策変更後のオークランドの男性囚人の自殺リスクの変化を分析する.
主な方法:
- 1983年以前のおよび後の男性囚人の自殺率 (人年10万人当たり) の比較分析.
- 閉じ込められた男性と閉じ込められていない男性の自殺リスクの比較.
- オークランドの刑務所での自殺率に焦点を当てた地理的分析.
主要な成果:
- 総合的な男性囚人の自殺率は, 27.3 (1973-82) から 178.0 (1983-87) に大幅に増加した.
- 閉じ込められた男性に対する自殺の相対的なリスクは,閉じ込められていない男性と比較して1.6から8.2に上昇した.
- オークランドは特に急激な増加を経験し,刑務所での自殺率は2つの期間間で10万人当たり37から549に上昇しました.
結論:
- この研究は,精神科医療へのアクセス制限と刑務所での自殺率の増加との関連性を強く示唆しています.
- この調査結果は,収監者のための精神科サービスを容易に利用できるようにすることが極めて重要であることを強調しています.
- 政策上の影響は,自殺リスクを軽減するために,矯正制度内で統合された精神保健医療の必要性を指摘しています.
さらに関連する動画
08:25Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment
Published on: December 6, 2024
06:45Effect of Yi-Nao-Jie-Yu Prescription on Post-Stroke Depression in Rats using Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Combined with Behavioral Restraint
Published on: January 9, 2026
関連する概念動画
Long-term Depression
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Stress and Mental Health
Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders
Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
Psychosurgery
Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
