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DNA Packaging00:58

DNA Packaging

94.6K
Overview
94.6K
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

17.0K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
17.0K
DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

32.3K
Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. ...
32.3K
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

12.1K
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
12.1K
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

12.9K
For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
12.9K
Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

16.4K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
16.4K

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Stretching Short Sequences of DNA with Constant Force Axial Optical Tweezers
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Stretching Short Sequences of DNA with Constant Force Axial Optical Tweezers

Published on: October 13, 2011

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DNAは,伸縮されたときにオーバーウィンドします.

Jeff Gore1, Zev Bryant, Marcelo Nöllmann

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Nature
|July 25, 2006
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

直感に反して,DNAは緊張状態でオーバーウィンドし,解き放たれる前に約30pNの最大回転に達します. このDNAの機械的特性である"twist-stretch coupling"は,DNA結合タンパク質に影響を及ぼしている.

さらに関連する動画

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
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Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

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Stretching Short Sequences of DNA with Constant Force Axial Optical Tweezers
08:48

Stretching Short Sequences of DNA with Constant Force Axial Optical Tweezers

Published on: October 13, 2011

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Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
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科学分野:

  • バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 構造生物学 構造生物学とは

背景:

  • DNAは通常,イソトロップ性棒としてモデル化され,キラル構造は無視されます.
  • ツイスト・ストレッチ・カップリングのようなアニゾトロプ的機械的性質は,DNAの機能に決定的な役割を果たす可能性がある.

研究 の 目的:

  • 単一のDNA分子におけるトウィスト・ストレッチ・カップリングを直接測定する.
  • 変化する緊張に対するDNAの機械的反応を調査するために.

主な方法:

  • ロータービーズ・トラッキングは,トウィスト・ストレッチ・カップリングを正確に測定するために使用されました.
  • 単一のDNA分子は,制御された緊張状態に置かれました.

主要な成果:

  • 単純な物理的直感に反して,約30pNまでの緊張下でDNAはオーバーウィンドします.
  • 30pNを超えると,緊張が増加するにつれてDNAは解き放たれ始めます.
  • 観察されたトウィスト・ストレッチ・カップリングは,恒常的な緊張下でオーバーウォンドされたときにDNAの延長を予測し,確認しています.

結論:

  • この研究は,緊張下でのオーバーウィンドリングを含む,直感に反するDNAの機械的性質を明らかにしています.
  • これらの特性を説明するモデルは,DNAの高いトルション硬さの起源を示唆しています.
  • 発見は,DNA構造を操作するDNA結合タンパク質の理解に影響を与えます.