深海の熱水噴出孔から発生した,至る所に存在する熱酸性アーケオンです
Anna-Louise Reysenbach1, Yitai Liu, Amy B Banta
1Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA. reysenbacha@pdx.edu
Nature
|July 28, 2006
まとめ
研究者らは,深海噴出口から新種の熱酸ドーフィルを分離し,硫黄と鉄の循環における重要な役割を果たしました. この発見は,極端な環境における微生物の生命についての理解を深める.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 海洋学 海洋学とは
背景:
- 深海の熱水噴出孔は,地球規模の生地化学サイクルにとって極めて重要です.
- これらの噴出口は,鉱物の降水によって形成されたユニークな微生物の微生物群に多様なプロカリオットを宿しています.
- 以前の研究では,換気液のpHが低いことが示唆されていたが,極端な熱酸性菌は培われていなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- 深海の熱水噴出孔の堆積物から広範囲に広がるDHVE2系統のメンバーを隔離し,培養する.
- この新しい微生物の代謝能力と環境耐性を特徴付ける.
- 換気エコシステムにおける熱酸ドーフィルの生態学的重要性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 深海の熱水噴出孔から採取した微生物の分離と培養.
- 系統遺伝的識別のためのリボソームRNA遺伝子配列決定.
- 成長条件 (pH,温度) と代謝活動 (硫黄または鉄の減少) の生理学的特徴.
主要な成果:
- DHVE2 euryarchaeotal系統に属する新種の熱酸性ヘテロトロフを成功裏に分離し,栽培しました.
- 単離物は,pH3.35.8と5575°Cの間で最適に成長し,必要な熱酸性特性を示しています.
- この生物は,風口サンプルにおけるアーカイアル群の15%までを占め,重要な生態学的豊富性を示しています.
結論:
- 熱酸ドーフィルは,特にDHVE2系統は,深海の熱水噴出孔で栽培可能であり,代謝的に活発です.
- これらの生物は,これらの極端な環境の中で硫黄と鉄の循環に潜在的に重要な役割を果たしています.
- この研究は,DHVE2メンバーの最初の成功栽培を提供し, Ventの微生物生態学とバイオジオケミストリーの研究のための新しい道を開きます.
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