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Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

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Overview
43.7K
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

33.8K
In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
33.8K
Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

26.4K
One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

40.9K
Overview
40.9K
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

5.2K
DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
11:08

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

10.2K

MutLalphaの内核分解機能は,ヒトの不一致修復において機能している.

Farid A Kadyrov1, Leonid Dzantiev, Nicoleta Constantin

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.

Cell
|July 29, 2006
PubMed
まとめ

ヒューマンMutLalpha (MLH1*PMS2) は,DNA不一致修復における潜在的エンドヌクレアースとして作用する. 遺伝性非複合性大腸がんの決定的なDNA切除を開始するために,他のタンパク質と活性化します.

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
  • がん研究 がん研究

背景:

  • 遺伝性非複合性大腸がん (HNPCC) は,MutLalpha (MLH1*PMS2) の変異と関連しています.
  • DNA不一致修復におけるMutLalphaの正確な役割は,まだ完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • DNA不一致修復におけるヒトのMutLalphaの機能を明らかにする.
  • ミスマッチ修復中にMutLalphaがDNA切除を開始するメカニズムを特定する.

主な方法:

  • 精製されたタンパク質 (MutLalpha,MutSalpha,RFC,PCNA) とDNA基板を用いた実験室内生化学分析.
  • エンドヌクレアース活性部位を調査するためのサイト指向型変異.
  • PMS2ホモログとバクテリアのMutLタンパク質の比較分析.

主要な成果:

  • ヒトのMutLalphaは,不一致の複合体,MutSalpha,RFC,PCNA,ATPによって活性化された,潜伏中のエンドヌクレアースとして機能する.
  • MutLalphaを含むシステムは,不一致の近くにある切断された鎖でDNAの異重複体を切断します.
  • MutSalphaによって活性化されるExonuclease Iは,不一致を含むDNAセグメントを除去する.

さらに関連する動画

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells
10:07

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells

Published on: August 25, 2017

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Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis
10:28

Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis

Published on: February 9, 2010

11.8K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
11:08

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

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A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells
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A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells

Published on: August 25, 2017

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Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis
10:28

Imaging Mismatch Repair and Cellular Responses to DNA Damage in Bacillus subtilis

Published on: February 9, 2010

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  • 保存されたPMS2モチーフ (DQHA ((X)) ((2) E ((X)) ((4) E)) は,エンドヌクレアスの活性部位である可能性が高い.

    • 結論:

    • MutLalphaのエンドヌクレアース活動は,不一致修復におけるDNA切除を開始するために重要である.
    • 特定されたアクティブサイトモチーフは,種間の不一致修復メカニズムにおける進化的保存と潜在的な違いを示唆しています.
    • MutLalphaの機能を理解することは,HNPCCの病原性についての洞察を提供します.