タイ南部の津波の影響を受けた地域の成人の精神的健康問題
Frits van Griensven1, M L Somchai Chakkraband, Warunee Thienkrua
1Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
JAMA
|August 3, 2006
まとめ
タイでの2004年の津波は,生存者の間で高度のトラウマ後ストレス障害 (PTSD),不安,うつ症状を引き起こしました. これらの精神疾患の症状は9ヶ月後に減少したものの,上昇し続け,継続的なサポートの必要性を強調した.
科学分野:
- メンタルヘルス メンタルヘルス
- 災害時の精神医学について
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 2004年のインド洋の津波は,タイの沿岸地域を荒廃させ,多くの死者と負傷者を出した.
- 具体的には,タイ南西部では,5,395人の死亡者,2,991人の行方不明者,8,457人の負傷者が出た.
研究 の 目的:
- タイ南部の津波の影響を受けた地域におけるトラウマ後ストレス障害 (PTSD),不安,うつ症状の有病率を決定する.
- この評価は,公衆衛生上の緊急対応と迅速な精神保健ニーズ評価の一環でした.
主な方法:
- マルチステージ,クラスター,人口ベースのメンタルヘルス調査は,Phang Nga,Krabi,Phuket州で行われました.
- データ収集は,インタビュアーがハンドヘルドコンピュータで管理するアンケートを使用して,一般的な健康,トラウマ,不安,うつ病を評価しました.
- 災害後の8週間と9ヶ月間,フォローアップの監視調査が行われました.
主要な成果:
- 津波の8週間後の流行率は,PTSD (3-12%),不安 (22-37%) とうつ病 (10-30%) であり,避難者の間でより高い割合でした.
- 生計の喪失は,精神的健康の3つの結果とも有意に関連していました.
- 9ヶ月後,症状の頻度は減少したが,PTSDは2.3~7%,不安は24.8~25.9%,うつ病は14.3~16.7%で上昇した.
結論:
- 高いPTSD,不安,およびうつ病の症状は,タイ南部の津波の生存者の間で一般的でした.
- 不安とうつ病の症状は,当初,PTSDの症状よりも一般的でした.
- 症状の発生率は9ヶ月間にわたって減少したが,高い水準にとどまり,長期的な精神衛生への影響と持続的な介入の必要性を強調した.
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