脱水性下痢疾患の治療中の症状性低ナトリウム血症は,オスモラリティが低下した口服リヒドレーション溶液で治療されます
Nur H Alam1, Mohammed Yunus, Abu S G Faruque
1Clinical Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh. nhalam@icddrb.org
JAMA
|August 3, 2006
まとめ
新しい低度口服リヒダレーション溶液 (ORS) は,下痢の治療に安全です. 症状性低ナトリウム血症の発生率は最小であり,以前の配方と比較して減少した.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 小児科は小児科です.
- クリニカル・メディシン 臨床医学
背景:
- 世界保健機関 (WHO) とユニセフは,2002年に低オスモラリティの口腔再水解液 (ORS) を推奨しました.
- 新しいORS製剤の安全性,特に症状性低ナトリウム血症のモニタリングが推奨されました.
研究 の 目的:
- オスモラリティが低下したORSで治療された患者における症状性低ナトリミアの発生率を測定する.
- 低ナトリウム血症の割合を,以前のORS製剤と比較するために.
主な方法:
- バングラデシュでは2002年12月から2004年1月まで,第4相試験が行われました.
- 合併症のない水性下痢の患者は,低酸素度OSSを投与され,神経学的症状をモニターした.
- 比較のために,旧ORS製法を用いた前年のダッカ病院の記録を見直した.
主要な成果:
- 53,000人以上の患者がモニタリングされ,24人が発作を起こしたり,低ナトリウム血症に関連した意識変化を起こしました.
- 症状性低ナトリウム血症の発生率は,ダカでは0.05%,マットラブでは0.03%でした.
- これは,前年の0.10%の比率と比較して統計的に有意な減少を表しています.
結論:
- オスモラリティが低下した症状性低ナトリウム血症のリスクは最小限です.
- ORS製剤の変更により,低ナトリウム血症のリスクは増加しなかった.
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