行動生態学:ミツバチは,暖かさを花の色と結びつける
Adrian G Dyer1, Heather M Whitney, Sarah E J Arnold
1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.
Nature
|August 4, 2006
まとめ
ハンブルミツバチは暖かい花を好み,花の色を熱と結びつけることを学ぶことができます. これは,花の熱だけでなく,花蜜も報酬であり,植物と受粉者の相互作用に影響を与える可能性があることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 植物と受粉者の相互作用
- 動物の行動 動物の行動
- センサリーエコロジー センサリーエコロジー
背景:
- 花の色の信号は,通常,受粉者のための花蜜のような栄養上の報酬を予測します.
- ハチミツなどの昆虫の受粉者は,体温を維持するためにエネルギーを消費します.
- 花の熱は,熱調節媒介の受粉者に対する報酬としても機能する.
研究 の 目的:
- ハンブルミツバチが花の熱を報酬として認識するかどうかを調査する.
- ハンブルミツバチが花の色を花の温度のヒントとして使用することを学ぶことができるかどうかを判断するために.
- 広範囲にわたる植物の適応として,花の温度調節の可能性を探求する.
主な方法:
- ハンブルミツバチの訪問の好みに関する観察的研究.
- カラー-温度関連性のハチミツの学習をテストする行動実験.
- 自然環境と実験環境における花の温度測定.
主要な成果:
- バンブルミツバチ (Bombus terrestris) は,より暖かい花を訪れる好みを示しました.
- ミツバチは,着陸前に特定の花の色を,より高い温度と関連付けることを学びました.
- 証拠によると,色は花の熱を予測するシグナルとして機能する可能性があるという.
結論:
- 花の熱は,ハチミツが花蜜と共に,報酬として受け取ることができる.
- 授粉者は,視覚的なヒント (色) を花の熱特性と関連付けることを学ぶことができます.
- 植物は,受粉者の行動や訪問率に影響を与えるために,自分の温度を積極的に調節することがあります.
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