漁獲された魚種の喪失は,多様な熱帯川の炭素の流れを乱します

Brad W Taylor¹, Alexander S Flecker, Robert O Hall

¹Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. brad.taylor@dartmouth.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 12, 2006

まとめ

デトリタルフィーダーであるプロキロドゥス魚の漁獲は,南米の河川生態系に重大な影響を及ぼしています. その除去により,炭素の流れが変化し,一次生産と呼吸が増加し,生態学的に重要なことが示されています.

科学分野:

エコロジーエコロジーエコロジー
イクチオロジーイクチオロジー
生態系科学生態系科学生態系科学

背景:

採集は,世界中の脊椎動物種に脅威をもたらしています.
脊椎動物絶滅の生態系全体の影響を実験的に評価する研究はほとんどありません.
害虫魚は水生生態系において重要な役割を果たしています.

研究の目的:

漁獲された移動性デトリタル餌食魚,Prochilodus mariae.の生態学的役割を調査する.
南米の河川における炭素の流れと生態系の代謝に対するプロキロドゥスの影響を決定する.
Prochilodusの生態系内の機能的な冗長性を評価する.

主な方法:

南米の川でシステム全体の操作を行った.
プロキロドゥス (Prochilodus) 集団の自然減少と実験的除去を研究した.
有機炭素の輸送,一次生産,呼吸における変化をモニタリングする.

主要な成果:

Prochilodusの減少と除去は,下流の有機炭素輸送を減少させた.
実験的除去により,原産物の生産が増加しました.
呼吸を含む生態系の代謝は,Prochilodusの不在によって著しく変化した.
Prochilodusは,研究された生態系において,機能的な冗長性の欠如を示した.

結論:

Prochilodus mariaeは,南米の河川システムの重要な生態学的構成要素であり,炭素の流れと代謝に影響を与えています.
この単一の種の消失は,種が豊富な環境でも,生態系の機能に重大な影響を及ぼす可能性があります.
発見は,機能的冗長性理論に挑戦し,個々の種の重要性,特に低いトロフィックレベルから強調しています.

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