開発途上国における多剤療法による心血管疾患予防:費用対効果分析
Thomas A Gaziano1, Lionel H Opie, Milton C Weinstein
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA. tgaziano@partners.org
Lancet (London, England)
|August 22, 2006
まとめ
アスピリン,高血圧薬,スタチンを含む,エビデンスに基づく多剤療法が,開発途上国における心血管疾患の予防に費用対効果的である. これらの安価な治療法により,高リスク患者の死亡リスクが著しく低下します.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 心血管医学 心血管医学
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
背景:
- 心血管疾患 (CVD) は,世界の主要な死因であり,低・中所得国 (LMICs) に不釣り合いな影響を与えている.
- LMICの高リスク患者は,CVDの死亡率を軽減するために,費用対効果の高い介入を必要とします.
研究 の 目的:
- LMICにおける初次および二次CVD予防のためのエビデンスベースのマルチドラッグレジメンの費用対効果を評価する.
- これらの制度が発展途上国の経済的な制約の中で実行可能かどうかを確認する.
主な方法:
- マルコフモデルを用いて,2つの併用薬療法の費用対効果を分析した.
- レジミンはアスピリン,カルシウムチャネルブロッカー,アニオテンシン変換酵素阻害剤,および初等予防のためのスタチンを含む.
- ベータブロッカーは,二次予防のためにカルシウムチャネルブロッカーを置き換えました.
主要な成果:
- 予防戦略により,平均寿命を2年延長する可能性があることが示されました.
- 主要予防のICER (インクリメンタル・コスト・エフェクティビティ・レート) は,異なるリスクの値で得られた$746-$1221/QALYの範囲でした.
- 二次予防ICERは非常に好意的であり,306ドルから388ドルまでのQALYが獲得されました.
結論:
- 多剤療法 (アスピリン,2 BP薬,スタチン) は,高リスクの個体におけるCVD死亡リスクを半分にすることができます.
- このアプローチは費用対効果が高く,WHOの勧告に準拠しており,様々な有効性およびコストの見積もりで堅実であることが証明されています.
- LMICは,プライマリーおよびセカンダリーCVD予防の両方のために,これらの手頃な価格で利用可能な薬物の使用を促進すべきである.
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