Phytophthoraのゲノム配列は,進化の起源と病原性のメカニズムを明らかにしています
Brett M Tyler1, Sucheta Tripathy, Xuemin Zhang
1Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. bmtyler@vt.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 2, 2006
まとめ
Phytophthora sojaeとPhytophthora ramorumのゲノム配列解析は,オオミケットの進化と植物病原体の毒性についての洞察を明らかにしています. 彼らのゲノムは,光合成の祖先と,感染に関連する遺伝子の急速な拡大の証拠を示しています.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 植物病理学 植物病理学
背景:
- Oömycetesは,Phytophthora種のように,重要な植物病原体を含む真核微生物です.
- Phytophthora sojaeは大豆の根を腐らせ,Phytophthora ramorumは突然のオークの死を引き起こす原因となっている.
- オオミセテスは,光合成藻類も含むストラメノピラ王国に属します.
研究 の 目的:
- 2つの主要なPhytophthora種:Phytophthora sojaeとPhytophthora ramorumのゲノム配列の草案を決定する.
- オオミセトと光合成藻類の進化的関係を調査する.
- 植物感染と毒性に関与する遺伝子とタンパク質ファミリーを特定する.
主な方法:
- ゲノム配列の草稿の比較ゲノミクス.
- 遺伝子ファミリーの分析,特に病原体と宿主の相互作用に関連する遺伝子ファミリーの分析.
- 進化的関係を推論するための系統遺伝分析.
主要な成果:
- Phytophthora sojaeとPhytophthora ramorumのゲノム配列の草稿が取得されました.
- 証拠は,ストラメノピルの光合成の祖先を示唆しており,これはPhytophthoraに光受体由来遺伝子の存在によって支持されています.
- タンパク質ファミリーの急速な拡大と多様化は,ヒドロラーゼ,ABCトランスポーター,毒素,アビルーレンスの遺伝子を含む,ゲノムで特定されました,特に700のタンパク質のスーパーファミリーは,既知のオイミケートアビルーレンスの因子に類似しています.
結論:
- Phytophthora種のゲノムは,光合成生物との潜在的なリンクを含む,ストラメノピルの進化史の洞察を提供します.
- 特定された遺伝子拡張は,これらのオオミセテスの植物感染能力の遺伝的基盤を強調しています.
- これらの病原体の比較ゲノミクスは,オオミケトの毒性および宿主相互作用のメカニズムについての理解を深める.
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