学術医学におけるメンターシップ:体系的なレビュー
Dario Sambunjak1, Sharon E Straus, Ana Marusić
1Croatian Medical Journal, Zagreb, Croatia.
JAMA
|September 7, 2006
まとめ
メンターシップは学術医学で評価されていますが,その影響に関する証拠は限られています. キャリア開発のためのエビデンスに基づくメンターシップの推奨を裏付けるには,より厳格な研究が必要である.
科学分野:
- 医療教育 医療教育について
- キャリア開発 キャリア開発
- メンターシップ研究 メンターシップ研究
背景:
- メンターシップは,学術医学における専門的な成長に不可欠です.
- 教師は競合する要求に直面し,メンターシップの価値を評価する必要がある.
研究 の 目的:
- メンターシップの普及率に関する証拠を体系的に検討する.
- 医学におけるメンターシップとキャリア開発の関係を調べる.
主な方法:
- 複数のデータベース (MEDLINE,PsycINFO,Scopusなど) で検索しました. 2006年5月までの期間です.
- メンターシップがキャリアの選択や昇進に与える影響に関する研究も含まれていた.
- 学習方法や言語に制限はありません.
主要な成果:
- 39件の研究がレビューされ,そのほとんどは,限界のある横断調査であった.
- メンターシップの普及率は低い (<50%の学生,一部の分野では<20%の教員).
- 女性はメンターを見つけるのが難しいと報告し,メンターシップはキャリアと生産性に影響を及ぼした.
結論:
- メンターシップは学術医学において不可欠であると認識されていますが,それを支持する証拠は弱いです.
- 証拠に基づいた勧告には,より厳格で学際的な研究が必要です.
- 医療メンターシップにおける文脈的要因については,さらなる研究が進められることが望ましい.
関連する概念動画
01:18Tissues
Cells with similar structure and function are grouped into tissues. A group of tissues with a specialized function is called an organ. There are four main types of tissue in vertebrates: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
01:40Hormonal Regulation
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
02:03Anatomy of the Circulatory System
The human circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart, and the heart itself, which acts as a central pump. The systemic circuit supplies blood to the whole body, the coronary circuit supplies blood to the heart, and the pulmonary circuit supplies blood flow between the heart and lungs.
01:33Hormonal Regulation
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
01:21Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-I
An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care.
Physicians
The physician's primary responsibility is to diagnose illness and direct the medical or surgical treatment of the condition. The authority to admit patients to a healthcare agency or institution and practice care within that setting is granted to physicians by the healthcare agency or institution itself.
Physicians
The physician's primary responsibility is to diagnose illness and direct the medical or surgical treatment of the condition. The authority to admit patients to a healthcare agency or institution and practice care within that setting is granted to physicians by the healthcare agency or institution itself.
01:18Interdisciplinary Care: The Health Care Team-II
An interdisciplinary team includes many healthcare professionals working together and utilizing their skills, knowledge, and expertise to provide holistic and quality patient care. Here are a few more healthcare professionals.
Physical Therapist
A physical therapist (PT) aims to restore function or prevent additional impairment in a patient following an injury or disease. Massage, heat, cold, water, sonar waves, exercises, and electrical stimulation are some treatments used by PTs to treat...
Physical Therapist
A physical therapist (PT) aims to restore function or prevent additional impairment in a patient following an injury or disease. Massage, heat, cold, water, sonar waves, exercises, and electrical stimulation are some treatments used by PTs to treat...