関連する実験動画
Updated: May 5, 2026

11:20
Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses
Published on: July 2, 2012
16.9K
最初の9億年の間,最も明るい銀河の急速な進化
Rychard J Bouwens1, Garth D Illingworth
1UCO/Lick Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. bouwens@ucolick.org
Nature
|September 15, 2006
まとめ
初期の銀河の形成は謎のままである. この研究では,非常に明るい銀河はビッグバンから約7億年後に稀であることが判明し,宇宙はそれらを形成するには若すぎることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- コスモロジー・コスモロジーとは
- 銀河の形成と進化について
- 初期の宇宙 天体物理学
背景:
- ビッグバン後の最初の9億年 (ミール) の間の銀河の形成 (赤道移転 z ≈ 6 まで) は,ほとんど未知のものです.
- 銀河のサンプルはz ≈ 6で存在するが,以前の検出は不確実であり,最初の星 (z ≈ 12-15) からz ≈ 6までの銀河の組成を理解する上でギャップを残している.
研究 の 目的:
- ビッグバン後のz ≈ 7-8の銀河の個体数を調査するために,約700 Myr.
- 発光銀河が初期の宇宙で一般的だったか,稀だったかを判断する.
主な方法:
- 利用可能な最も深い近赤外線と光学画像データを使用しました.
- 保守的および非保守的な選択基準を使用して,赤偏移z ≈ 7-8の候補銀河を検索しました.
主要な成果:
- 保守的な基準では,z ≈ 7−8で1つの候補銀河しか見つかりませんでしたが,z ≈ 6から進化せずに10個が予想されます.
- 控えめな基準を用いて,4つの候補が発見され,進化なしでは予想される17の候補に比べました.
- これは,非常に明るい銀河が z ≈ 7−8 で稀であることを示しています.
結論:
- z ≈ 7-8の明るい銀河の希少性は,宇宙は,階層的な合併によって有意な人口を形成するには若すぎることを示唆しています.
- この発見は,初期の宇宙で明るく輝く銀河の数が少ないことを暗示し,銀河の急速な集まりのモデルに挑戦しています.
関連する概念動画
Speciation Rates
18.8K
Overview
18.8K
What is Evolutionary History?
31.1K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
31.1K
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.8K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.8K
Detection of Black Holes
1.7K
Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
1.7K
Origin of Photosynthesis
112
Photosynthesis represents a fundamental biological process that transformed Earth's atmosphere and paved the way for complex life. Emerging roughly 3.4–3.8 billion years ago, the earliest photosynthetic organisms harnessed light energy to produce organic compounds. These anoxygenic phototrophs used electron donors like hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) or ferrous iron (Fe²⁺), rather than water, and did not release molecular oxygen (O₂) as a byproduct. Various groups, including...
112
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes
199
Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
199

