陸地と大気との結合と欧州の気候変動
Sonia I Seneviratne1, Daniel Lüthi, Michael Litschi
1Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. sonia.seneviratne@env.ethz.ch
Nature
|September 15, 2006
まとめ
温室効果ガスは,夏の気候の変動性とヨーロッパでの熱波を増加させる可能性があります. 陸地-大気フィードバック,特に土壌の湿度-気温の相互作用は,この増加した変動の主要な原動力です.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 環境科学 環境科学
背景:
- 温室効果ガスの濃度は上昇しており,夏の気候の年次変動が増加すると予測されています.
- これにより,ヨーロッパや他の中緯度の地域では,より頻繁に熱波が発生する可能性があります.
- 夏の気温変動の増加を誘発するメカニズムは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- ヨーロッパにおける夏の気候変動の増大の背後にあるメカニズムを探求する.
- この現象における陸地と大気の相互作用の役割を調査する.
- 陸地と大気との結合に北向きの気候ゾーン移動が与える影響を理解するため.
主な方法:
- 過去および将来の条件の地域気候シミュレーション.
- 陸地と大気間の相互作用があるか,ないかのシミュレーションの比較.
- 土壌-水分-気温と土壌-水分-降水量のフィードバックの分析.
主要な成果:
- 陸地-大気フィードバックは,中欧と東欧の夏の気温変動の増加の主な原因です.
- 気候体制の北へのシフトは,強い陸地-大気結合を持つ移行地帯を作り出します.
- 土壌-湿度-気温のフィードバックは,夏の気候の変動性に大きく影響します.
結論:
- 陸地と大気間の相互作用は,将来の気候変動と変動性を理解する上で極めて重要です.
- 地球温暖化は,陸地と大気との強い結合を持つ気候圏の移住を促す可能性があります.
- 土壌の湿度-温度フィードバックの強化は,熱波のリスクの増加に寄与する.
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