構成的輸送要素を持つイントロンは,タップメッセンジャーRNAに留まっています
Ying Li1, Yeou-Cherng Bor, Yukiko Misawa
1Myles H. Thaler Center for AIDS & Human Retrovirus Research and Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
Nature
|September 15, 2006
まとめ
構成的輸送要素 (CTEs) は,哺乳類におけるイントロンを保持するmRNAの発現を可能にします. Tap遺伝子は,イントロン内のCTEを利用して,自身の発現を調節し,効率的な哺乳類mRNA処理のためのメカニズムを明らかにします.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- RNA 生物学 RNA 生物学
- 遺伝子規制 遺伝子規制
背景:
- 代替スプライシング,特にイントロンの保持は,遺伝的多様性にとって不可欠ですが,mRNAの輸出と分解経路のために,より高い真核生物ではしばしば制限されます.
- 細胞メカニズムは,通常,保持されたイントロンのmRNAを分解し,特に早期停止コドンを含むものは,発現を制限します.
- メイソン・ファイザー・モンキーウイルスのようなレトロウイルスは,これらの制限を克服し,mRNAの輸出を容易にするために,構成輸送要素 (CTE) などのシス作用RNA要素を使用します.
研究 の 目的:
- イントロンが保持された細胞mRNAが,CTEのような要素を利用して発現制限を克服するかどうかを調査する.
- mRNAエクスポートの重要なレギュレータであるTap遺伝子が,機能的なCTEを含んでいるかどうかを判断する.
- Tapが自身のイントロンを含むmRNA発現を調節するメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- Tap遺伝子内の潜在的CTEを特定するためのバイオ情報分析.
- Tap mRNAの輸出と翻訳におけるCTE機能の実験的検証.
- 人と猿の細胞におけるイントロンを含んだmRNAからTapタンパク質発現の検出.
主要な成果:
- Tap遺伝子は,その代替的にスプライスされたイントロン10内に機能的なCTEを有しています.
- このイントロンを含むタップmRNAは,細胞質に効率的にエクスポートされ,ポリリボソームで発見され,活発な翻訳を示します.
- このイントロンを含むmRNAによって小さなTapタンパク質がコードされ,ヒトとサル細胞で検出されます.
結論:
- Tapは,イントロンを含むトランスクリプトを含むCTE媒介メカニズムを通じて,自身の発現を自己調節する.
- 構成的輸送要素 (CTEs) は,イントロンが保持された哺乳類mRNAの効率的な発現に重要である可能性が高い.
- この発見は,より高い真核生物におけるイントロンの保持は,常に非機能的転写につながるという概念に異議を唱える.
関連する概念動画
LTR Retrotransposons
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Alternative RNA Splicing
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Regulated mRNA Transport
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER
Integral membrane proteins are proteins adhered to the lipid bilayer of a cell organelle or membrane. They can be of two types: transmembrane integral proteins that span the lipid bilayer and monotopic proteins that are attached to either side of the membrane but do not pass through it.
Integral transmembrane proteins possess transmembrane and extra membrane domains. The transmembrane domains are primarily made of 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids arranged in a helical secondary confirmation. These...
Integral transmembrane proteins possess transmembrane and extra membrane domains. The transmembrane domains are primarily made of 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids arranged in a helical secondary confirmation. These...
Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane
Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...
Regulated mRNA Transport
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...


