ワクチンによって誘発されたB型肝炎ウイルスの脱出変異体
W F Carman1, A R Zanetti, P Karayiannis
1Department of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 11, 1990
まとめ
B型肝炎ウイルス (HBV) 感染症は,HBV脱出変異体によるワクチン接種を受けた個人に発生しました. この変異ウイルスは,決定因子であるHBsAgに特異的な変異があり,ワクチンによる免疫を低下させます.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 肝臓病理学 肝臓病理学
背景:
- B型肝炎ウイルス (HBV) 感染症は,依然として世界的な健康上の懸念事項です.
- 標準免疫プロトコルには,HBVに対する被動的および活性ワクチン接種が含まれています.
- ワクチン接種にもかかわらず突破性感染症は,HBV制御における課題を強調しています.
研究 の 目的:
- ワクチン接種した個体におけるブレイクスルーのB型肝炎ウイルス (HBV) 感染を調査する.
- ワクチンの失敗の原因となるHBV菌株の特徴を特定する.
- ワクチンによる免疫に対するウイルス変異の影響を分析する.
主な方法:
- HBVキャリアに接触した個人のコンタクトトレーシングと血清検査.
- B型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg) と追加のウイルス複製マーカーの検出.
- HBsAgの変異を特定するためのウイルス配列決定は決定因子である.
- 免疫脱出を評価するためにHBsAgに結合するモノクローナル抗体の分析.
主要な成果:
- 幼児を含む44人の接触者は,標準免疫にもかかわらずHBsAg陽性になりました.
- 32件の感染がウイルス複製マーカーで確認された.
- HBV脱出変異体に感染した乳児の重篤な症例が報告されました.
- 変異ウイルスは,HBsAgの決定因子において点変異 (G587A) を有しており,グリシンとアルギニンの置換につながる.
- この変異は安定しており,5年後に存在していた.
- この変異は,決定因子の部分的喪失と抗体結合の減少をもたらした.
結論:
- B型肝炎ウイルス (HBV) の脱出変異種は,ワクチン接種した個人に突破性感染症を引き起こす可能性があります.
- 決定因子であるHBsAgの変異は,ワクチンによって誘発された免疫を損なう可能性があります.
- HBV変種に対する継続的な監視は,効果的なワクチン接種戦略に不可欠です.
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