心血管疾患のランダム化対照試験における腎疾患の過小評価
Steven G Coca1, Harlan M Krumholz, Amit X Garg
1Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Conn 06516, USA.
JAMA
|September 21, 2006
まとめ
腎臓疾患の患者は,主要な心臓血管疾患試験から除外されることが多い. これは,治療がこの高リスクグループにどのように影響するかについての理解を制限しています.
科学分野:
- 心臓病学 心臓病学
- ネフロロジーは腎臓科
- クリニック・トライアル 臨床試験
背景:
- 腎疾患の患者は,心血管疾患による死亡のリスクが高い.
- この集団に対する効果的な介入を特定することは,重要な健康上の優先事項です.
研究 の 目的:
- 心血管疾患の介入のためのランダム化対照試験 (RCT) に腎臓疾患患者の含有率を評価する.
- これらの試験における腎機能と治療効果の報告を評価する.
主な方法:
- MEDLINEの体系的な検索により,1985年から2005年の間に主要な医学雑誌に掲載されたRCTが特定されました.
- 慢性閉塞性心不全と急性心筋梗塞を中心とした試験,クラスI/IIの勧告を含む.
- 患者の特徴,腎機能,およびアウトカムに関するデータは,2人のレビュー者によって独立して抽象化されました.
主要な成果:
- レビューされた153件の試験のうち,56%が腎臓疾患の患者を除外した.
- 排除は,多センター,北米試験,およびレニン-アニオテンシン-アルドステロン系アンタゴニストまたは抗凝固剤を試験した試験においてより一般的であった.
- 腎臓病患者の割合を報告したのは試験の5%のみで,腎臓機能のベースラインを報告したのは10%でした. 腎疾患によるサブグループ分析は珍しい (3%).
結論:
- 主要な心血管疾患試験では,腎臓疾患の患者を頻繁に除外しています.
- このサブグループにおける腎機能と治療効果に関する不十分な報告は,臨床意思決定を妨げています.
- 腎臓病患者の心血管リスクに対処するために,改善された試験設計と報告が必要です.
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