酸化窒素合成酵素の局所化は,酸化窒素が神経の役割を果たしていることを示している

D S Bredt¹, P M Hwang, S H Snyder

¹Department of Neuroscience, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.

Nature

|October 25, 1990

まとめ

酸化窒素 (NO) は,様々な組織で生成され,神経信号伝達に役割を果たします. この研究では,NO合成タンパク質は主にニューロン内に存在し,その神経関連性を確認した.

科学分野:

神経科学は神経科学である.
分子生物学は分子生物学である.
生理学生理学とは

背景:

酸化窒素 (NO) は,内皮由来のリラックス因子としても知られており,血管のリラックスと神経伝達に関与しています.
神経刺激後の脳と腸における正確な細胞起源は不明であり,様々な種類の細胞が関与する可能性がある.
NOは,小脳におけるグルタミン酸刺激によるサイクルGMP形成と,神経刺激による筋肉のリラックスを媒介する.

研究の目的:

ネズミにおける酸化窒素合成酵素 (NOS) タンパク質の細胞局在を調査する.
脳と腸のNO合成が神経刺激後にニューロンまたは他の周囲の細胞から発生するかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

精製された酵素に対するアンチセラを使用して,ネズミの組織にNO合成タンパク質の免疫ヒストロケミカル局所化.

主要な成果:

NO合成タンパク質は,脳内の離散的な神経細胞集団でのみ発見されました.
NO合成酵素の有意な濃度は,後部下垂体の神経内置,網膜の自律神経繊維,腸の髄膜,副腎髄,血管内皮細胞で観察されました.
これらの発見は,NO合成酵素と神経要素の強い関連性を示している.

結論:

この研究は,脳内のニューロン内のNO合成酵素の独占的な局所化に対する最初の決定的な証拠を提供します.
この結果は,神経系におけるシグナル伝達分子としてのNOの重要な役割を強く支持しています.

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