オピエイトは,急性腹痛患者の臨床評価に影響しますか?
Sumant R Ranji1, L Elizabeth Goldman, David L Simel
1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0131, USA. sumantr@medicine.ucsf.edu
JAMA
|October 13, 2006
まとめ
オピエイト鎮痛剤は,急性腹痛の身体検査結果を変化させるかもしれないが,管理の誤りを著しく増加させない. この研究では,痛みを和らげる治療を受けている患者で,オピエット使用に関連した主要な罹病率や死亡率は見つかりませんでした.
科学分野:
- 緊急医療 緊急医療
- 臨床薬理学 臨床薬理学とは
背景:
- 伝統的に,急性腹痛の患者には,手術後の評価まで,オピエット鎮痛剤の投与を控えてきました.
- この慣習は,痛み緩和が身体的発見を覆い,診断を複雑にするかもしれないという懸念から生じている.
研究 の 目的:
- 急性腹痛における臨床検査と手術決定におけるオピエット鎮痛剤の影響を評価する.
- 疼痛管理が診断の正確性と外科的結果に影響するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- MEDLINE,EMBASE,および文献の検索で特定されたプラセボ制御ランダム化試験の体系的なレビュー.
- 研究は,急性腹痛におけるオピエット鎮痛,病歴の変化,身体検査,または診断ミスに関する報告に焦点を当てた.
- データ抽出と品質評価は2人の審査員によって独立して行われ,不一致は3人目の審査員によって解決された.
主要な成果:
- オピエット投与は,成人と子供の両方において,腹部検査結果の変化に向けた傾向を示した.
- 重要な鎮痛効果のある試験に焦点を当てると,身体検査の変化は統計的に有意になりました (RR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.14 から 3.98).
- しかし,オピエット使用は,管理ミス (例えば,不必要なまたは遅れた手術) の増加と有意に関連しており, +0.3% (95%CI, -4.1%から +4.7%) の小さな絶対的な増加がありました.
結論:
- オピエット鎮痛薬は,急性腹痛の体検査結果を変えることができるが,管理上の誤差の有意な増加にはつながらない.
- 既存の文献は,誤差のわずかな増加を排除していないが,これは保守的な定義に基づいている.
- 検討した研究で,オピエット投与による主要な罹病率や死亡率は認められませんでした.
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