オーストラリアの例外的なデボニアン期の魚が,テトラポッドの起源に光を当てています
John A Long1, Gavin C Young, Tim Holland
1Museum Victoria, P O Box 666, Melbourne, Australia 3001. jlong@museum.vic.gov.au
Nature
|October 20, 2006
まとめ
デヴォン期の魚化石であるゴゴナサス (Gogonasus) は,テトラポッドのような驚くべき特徴を明らかにしています. この発見は,脊椎動物の進化と魚から四足動物への移行に関する私たちの理解を再構築します.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 脊椎動物の古生物学について
背景:
- 魚からテトラポッドへの移行は重要な進化的出来事ですが,化石記録は多くの場合,系統遺伝学的分析のための不完全なデータを提示します.
- テトラポッドの進化の初期段階を理解するには,水生脊椎動物と陸生脊椎動物の間のギャップを埋める移行期化石を調査する必要があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 特別に完全なゴゴナサス化石に関する新しい観察を提示する.
- テトラポドモルフ類の中でゴゴナススの系統的位置を分析する.
- ゴゴナサスにおける原始的および派生的な特徴のモザイクを調査するために.
主な方法:
- ゴゴナサス化石の詳細な形態学的調査.
- 他のデボニアン魚と初期の四足類との比較分析.
- 新しいゴゴナススのデータを組み込んだ系統遺伝分析.
主要な成果:
- ゴゴナサスには,一般的な頭蓋骨の特徴と特殊な頭蓋骨の特徴のユニークな組み合わせがあります.
- 専門的な特徴には,深く陰茎が入り込んでいるスパイラクルと,水平に近い下部が含まれます.
- 胸の骨格は,テトラポドモルフの派生体であるTiktaalikと類似している.
- 系統遺伝学的分析では,ゴゴナサスがエルピストステガリアの姉妹分類であると考えられている.
結論:
- ゴゴナサスは,テトラポドモルフ放射に関する重要な洞察を提供します.
- 初期の四足足と中耳の特徴は,進化の歴史に遡ることができます.
- この研究は,魚からテトラポッドへの移行の理解を洗練します.
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