科学的理論への曝露は,女性の数学成績に影響する
Ilan Dar-Nimrod1, Steven J Heine
1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 21, 2006
まとめ
ステレオタイプの脅威は,グループアイデンティティが顕著であるとき,パフォーマンスに影響します. ステレオタイプの起源を異なった方法で説明し,特に性別の違いを遺伝学に起因させることで,経験的な説明と比較して女性の数学テストスコアは悪化しました.
科学分野:
- 心理学 心理学とは
- 社会心理学 社会心理学とは
- コグニティブ・サイエンス コグニティブ・サイエンス
背景:
- ステレオタイプの脅威は,ステレオタイプ化されたグループで,そのアイデンティティが強調されたときに,パフォーマンスの欠陥を説明します.
- ステレオタイプの脅威に対するステレオタイプの起源の認識の影響は,まだ十分に研究されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- ステレオタイプの起源に対する帰属が,ステレオタイプの脅威にどのように影響するかを検討する.
- 性差を遺伝的または経験的なものと捉えることが,数学テストでの女性の成績に影響するかどうかを調査する.
主な方法:
- 女性参加者を含む2つの研究が行われました.
- 参加者は,性別の違いを遺伝的または経験的要因に起因する記述を読みました.
- 標準化された数学テストの成績を測定した.
主要な成果:
- 性差が遺伝的起源を持っていると読んだ女性は,数学のテストで著しく劣った成績を収めました.
- 性差が経験的要因に起因すると読んだ女性と比較して,このパフォーマンスの赤字はより顕著でした.
結論:
- ステレオタイプの認識された起源は,ステレオタイプの脅威の影響を調節することができます.
- 集団の違いを先天的,遺伝的要因に起因させるのは,特に女性のための数学のような学術分野において,ステレオタイプの脅威を悪化させる可能性があります.
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