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関連する概念動画

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools
05:27

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools

Published on: July 20, 2022

フォスフォリピド膜に内蔵されたナトリウムイオン.

Fredric M Menger1, Ashley L Galloway, Mary E Chlebowski

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 26, 2006
PubMed
まとめ

エステル群を持つ改変されたフォスフォリピドは,膜を横断するナトリウムイオン転送を大幅に強化します. エステル群を超えた短い鎖のセグメントが鍵であり,ドメイン形成により転送率が時間とともに増加します.

科学分野:

  • 膜生物物理学 膜生物物理学
  • 超分子化学 超分子化学
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学

背景:

  • フォスフォリピドは,生物膜の構造的基礎を形成する.
  • 脂質二重層の間のイオン輸送を制御することは,細胞機能と薬物投与に不可欠です.
  • POPCのような従来のフォスフォリピドは,限られたイオン透過性を表しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 新しくエステル改変されたフォスフォリピドを合成するために.
  • 膀膜を横断するナトリウムイオン (Na+) の流れを促進する効果を調査する.
  • 強化されたイオン輸送のメカニズムを解明する.

主な方法:

  • 7つのエステル改変されたリン酸脂質の合成.
  • 膀の準備と特徴付け 膀の準備と特徴付け
  • 23Na 核磁共鳴 (NMR) スペクトロスコーピーは,ナトリウムイオン流量を定量化します.

主要な成果:

  • 末端エステル群を超えた短い鎖のセグメントを持つリンパ脂は,POPCと比較して100倍までNa+転送を触媒化した.
  • 二重層のエステル・フォスホリピド濃度とともに,ナトリウムイオン伝達率が増加した.

さらに関連する動画

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
07:26

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
10:31

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

Published on: September 26, 2025

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools
05:27

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Sensitivity to Na+ Reveals Partially Segmented Functional CoQ Pools

Published on: July 20, 2022

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
07:26

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
10:31

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

Published on: September 26, 2025

  • 頻度は,ドメイン形成に起因する,膀の老化時間とともに増加した.

    • 結論:

    • エステル改変したリン酸脂質,特に端末鎖が短いリン酸脂質は,ナトリウムイオン輸送の強力な触媒である.
    • これらのフォスホリピドによる膜ドメインの形成は,水嫌性の内部でナトリウムイオン溶解を容易にします.
    • NMR研究では,細胞外,細胞内,および膜領域内の異なるナトリウムイオン集団が明らかにされています.