知的障害のある若者の精神病理学
Stewart L Einfeld1, Andrea M Piccinin, Andrew Mackinnon
1School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, 190 Russell Ave, Dolls Point, NSW 2219, Australia. s.einfeld@fhs.unsw.edu.au [corrected]
JAMA
|October 26, 2006
まとめ
知的障害 (ID) の子供の精神病理学は持続的で,時間の経過とともにゆっくりと低下し,成人期まで高いレベルにとどまります. 必要なメンタルヘルス介入を受ける人はごく少数で,公衆衛生における重大なギャップを強調しています.
科学分野:
- 児童・青少年精神医学は,
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 知的障害 (ID) の併発性精神疾患は,重要な公衆衛生問題である.
- これらの問題はしばしば幼少期から始まるが,成人期への長期的な軌跡はよくわかっていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 知的障害を持つ子供や青年の代表的なコホートにおける精神病学的経路を調査する.
主な方法:
- オーストラリアの児童から成人の発達研究 (Australian Child to Adult Development Study) は,IDを患った578人の子ども/青少年を14年間追跡調査した.
- 精神病理は,介護者が完了した発達行動チェックリスト (DBC) を使用して評価されました.
- 成長曲線分析は,4つのデータ収集波の間のDBCスコアの変化をモデル化しました.
主要な成果:
- IDを持つ若者の高いレベルの行動および感情的障害は,ゆっくりと減少し,若い成人期まで上昇し続けました.
- 精神病学的重症度は,軽度から重度のID範囲で類似していました.
- 男の子とより軽度のIDを持つ個人は,社会的関連障害が増加した場合を除き,時間の経過とともに精神病理学がより減少したことを示しました.
- 精神疾患の罹患率は41%から31%に低下し,精神衛生介入を受けたのはわずか10%でした.
結論:
- 知的障害と併発する精神病理は,発達中の実質的で持続的なものです.
- この調査結果は,この集団に対して,アクセシブルで効果的なメンタルヘルス介入の緊急の必要性を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid
Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Antisocial personality disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent patterns of disregard for the rights and well-being of others. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder exhibit behaviors that include deceitfulness, impulsivity, irresponsibility, aggression, and a profound lack of empathy. These traits often manifest early in life and persist into adulthood, leading to significant personal, social, and legal consequences.
Behavioral Characteristics and...
Behavioral Characteristics and...
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Conduct Disorder
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...


