ヒトと作物の化学センサーとしての昆虫

Wynand van der Goes van Naters¹, John R Carlson

¹Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, PO Box 208103, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA.

Nature

|November 17, 2006

まとめ

昆虫の嗅覚と味覚を理解することは,病気を媒介する昆虫や作物を害する昆虫を制御する鍵です. 最近の分子および細胞の進歩は,虫害管理と病気予防のための新しい戦略を提供します.

科学分野:

エントモロジーエントモロジー学
神経科学は神経科学である.
分子生物学は分子生物学である.

背景:

昆虫は,何百万もの人々に病気を伝播し,世界的に農業に大きな損失をもたらします.
昆虫の宿主探し,餌付け,交尾の行動は,嗅覚と味覚に大きく依存している.
虫害対策の現在の方法は,耐性や環境への影響により課題に直面しています.

研究の目的:

昆虫の化学感受を理解する近年の画期的な成果を強調するために.
新しい昆虫対策戦略を開発するためのこれらの進歩の潜在能力を探求する.
昆虫媒介の病気や農業害虫による世界的な影響に対処するためです.

主な方法:

昆虫の化学感知システムに関する最近の分子および細胞研究のレビュー.
昆虫の嗅覚と味覚に関与する信号伝達経路の分析.
昆虫の感覚知覚の基礎となる遺伝的,生化学的メカニズムを調査する.

主要な成果:

昆虫の嗅覚受容体と味覚受容体の分子成分を明らかにするうえで,著しい進展がみられた.
化学感覚に関与する重要な神経回路と細胞プロセスの特定.
昆虫の種によって保存され,異なるメカニズムの実証.

結論:

昆虫の化学感知研究における進歩は,革新的な害虫および病気のベクトル制御のための基盤を提供します.
昆虫の嗅覚と味覚の経路をターゲットにすることは,持続可能な昆虫管理のための有望な経路を提供します.
将来の研究方向には,分子洞察を公衆衛生と農業の実践的な応用に翻訳することが含まれます.

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