家族計画:未完成の議題
John Cleland1, Stan Bernstein, Alex Ezeh
1London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1 3DP. John.Cleland@lshtm.ac.uk
Lancet (London, England)
|November 23, 2006
まとめ
高出生率の国における家族計画への投資は,母子死亡率,貧困,飢餓を大幅に削減することができます. これらの重要なプログラムには,世界的な支援の活性化が不可欠です.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- デモグラフィー デモグラフィー 人口統計
- 開発研究 開発研究
背景:
- 家族計画促進は,貧困,飢餓,母子死亡率を削減し,女性のエンパワーメントを促進することができます.
- 避妊薬の使用は世界的に増加しているが,多くのアフリカと低所得国では依然として低い水準であり,高生育率と満たされていないニーズにつながる.
- ミレニアム開発目標の達成は,家族計画イニシアチブと大きく結びついています.
研究 の 目的:
- 開発途上国における家族計画がもたらす実質的な恩恵を強調する.
- 国際投資の活性化と家族計画プログラムの促進の緊急の必要性を強調する.
- 効果的な家族計画プログラムの鍵となる要因と,現在の実施の障壁を特定する.
主な方法:
- この研究は,40年にわたる家族計画プログラムの実施と成果の証拠をまとめています.
- 避妊薬の普及率,生育率,および家族計画に関する満たされていないニーズに関する世界的な傾向の分析.
- 貧困,飢餓,母子死亡率,開発目標に対する家族計画の影響の評価.
主要な成果:
- 家族計画プログラムは,避妊の実施を<10%から60%に増加させ,開発途上国の生育率を低下させました.
- 低,中所得層の75カ国の半数では,避妊薬の使用が少なく,生育率が高く,満たされていない需要が大きい.
- 証明された利点にもかかわらず,国際的資金調達と家族計画促進は過去10年間で減少しています.
結論:
- 開発目標への横断的な貢献のために,家族計画へのより大きな投資は説得力があります.
- 効果的なプログラム戦略は確立されていますが,より強力な国際的な奨励と実施のための資金が必要です.
- 重要な障壁は,家族計画をより広範な開発アジェンダに統合する政治的意思の欠如である.
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