アンティキセラ・メカニズムとして知られる古代ギリシャの天文計算機の解読
T Freeth1, Y Bitsakis, X Moussas
1Cardiff University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK.
Nature
|December 1, 2006
まとめ
古代ギリシャの天文計算機であるアンティキセラ機構は,バビロニアの周期を用いて日食を正確に予測しました. 新しい画像は,ヒッパルコスのモデルを含む,その洗練されたギアリングを明らかにしました.
科学分野:
- 古代ギリシャの技術 古代ギリシャの技術
- 考古学的な発見
- 歴史的天文学の歴史的天文学
- 機械工学の機械工学
背景:
- 紀元前2世紀からのユニークなギリシャのギア付き装置であるアンティキセラ機構は,月相や luni-solar カレンダーのような天体のサイクルを計算し,表示することが知られている.
- その複雑さは,千年以上にわたって知られている装置を上回りますが,その正確な機能は,断片的な証拠のために議論され続けています.
- カレンダーは古代社会にとって極めて重要であり,農業,宗教祭,天文学的出来事を予兆として解釈することに影響を与えました.
研究 の 目的:
- の機能を復元し,アンティキセラ・メカニズム断片の碑文を解読するために.
- 天体イベントに関するメカニズムの予測能力を調査するために.
- 古代ギリシャの機械工学と天文学理論の洗練性を理解する.
主な方法:
- 生き残った断片の表面イメージング.
- 内部構造分析のための高解像度X線トモグラフィー.
- 画像データに基づくギア機能の再構築.
- 断片化された碑文の解読.
主要な成果:
- ギア機能の再構築と,解読された碑文の数を倍増した.
- このメカニズムは,バビロニアの算数の進捗サイクルを用いて,月と太陽の食食を予測していたことを確認した.
- 惑星の位置を機械的に表示することを支持する証拠,しかしこれらの部分は現在失われた.
- 月運動の不規則性に関するヒッパルコスの理論の機械的実現の識別.
結論:
- アンティキセラ・メカニズムは,紀元前2世紀の技術的な洗練度が意外と高いことを示しています.
- それは,高度な天文学理論を統合して,天体現象を正確に予測しました.
- この発見は,古代ギリシャの技術と科学的理解の能力についての新しい洞察を提供します.
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