メキシコにおける子供の生存率の改善:対角的なアプローチ
Jaime Sepúlveda1, Flavia Bustreo, Roberto Tapia
1Coordinación General de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud, Calle Periférico Sur 4118, 1er. Piso Edif. Zafiro 1, Col. Jardines del Pedregal, Mexico, DF CP 1900, Mexico. jsepulveda@insp.mx
Lancet (London, England)
|December 5, 2006
まとめ
メキシコは,公衆衛生の介入を通じて,子供の死亡率を大幅に削減することができました. 重要な要因には,改善された栄養,病気の排除,費用対効果の高いプログラムが含まれ,子供,乳児,新生児の死亡率の低下に貢献しました.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 小児科は小児科です.
- 公共衛生政策 公共衛生政策
背景:
- メキシコは,2015年の幼児死亡率削減目標を達成する7カ国の1つです.
- 幼児死亡率は過去25年間で著しく低下しています.
研究 の 目的:
- メキシコにおける子供,乳児,新生児死亡率の低下に貢献する要因を分析する.
- 公衆衛生の介入と死亡率の減少との関連性を調査する.
主な方法:
- 人口普查データ,死亡者登録簿,名目児童登録簿,国家栄養調査の分析.
- 時間の関連と介入の生物学的妥当性の探求.
- 費用対効果の高い介入,女性の教育,社会保護,水と衛生への投資の評価.
主要な成果:
- 幼児死亡率は1000生児につき64から23に低下した.
- 腹による死亡率の大幅な減少,ポリオ,弁炎,麻疹の撲滅.
- 栄養状態の改善 (栄養失調,発育不全,体重不足) と公衆衛生介入の広範囲化.
結論:
- 公衆衛生の介入,特に"縦断的アプローチ"は,小児死亡率の減少に中心的でした.
- 女性の教育,社会保障,水,衛生への投資は,有意な関連性を示した.
- リーダーシップ,政策の継続性,制度の強化は,これらの成果にとって極めて重要でした.
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