肥満とインスリン抵抗性,および2型糖尿病を結びつけるメカニズム
Steven E Kahn1, Rebecca L Hull, Kristina M Utzschneider
1Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA. skahn@u.washington.edu
Nature
|December 15, 2006
まとめ
肥満はインスリン抵抗性や2型糖尿病のリスクを高めます. 肥満における脂肪組織機能不全は,臓のβ細胞機能を損なっており,グルコースコントロールの失敗につながります.
科学分野:
- エンドクリノロジー エンドクリノロジー
- メタボリック疾患の研究
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 肥満はインスリン抵抗性および2型糖尿病の重要なリスク因子です.
- 肥満における脂肪組織は,インスリン抵抗性につながる要因を放出します.
- 臓の小島ベータ細胞機能不全は,2型糖尿病の発症において極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 2型糖尿病の分子および遺伝的基盤を探求する.
- インスリン抵抗性における脂肪組織の役割を調査する.
- 肥満と糖尿病の文脈でベータ細胞機能障害を理解する.
主な方法:
- 脂肪組織によって放出された分子因子の分析.
- 臓の小島ベータ細胞機能の調査.
- 代謝疾患に関連する遺伝子および分子プロファイリング.
主要な成果:
- 肥満は,脂肪組織から非エステリ化脂肪酸,グリセロール,ホルモン,および炎症誘発性サイトカインの放出を増加させます.
- これらの要因は,インスリン抵抗性の発達に寄与します.
- ベータ細胞機能障害は,インスリン抵抗性の個体において,グルコースコントロールの問題を悪化させる.
結論:
- 機能不全の脂肪組織とベータ細胞機能の障害は,2型糖尿病において重要である.
- これらのメカニズムを理解することは,新しい治療法と予防戦略を開発する上で鍵となるものです.
- 2型糖尿病の分子および遺伝的基礎に関するさらなる研究が必要である.
さらに関連する動画
08:13Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
Published on: January 7, 2018
72.2K
08:47Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
Published on: December 7, 2017
10.3K
関連する概念動画
01:24Obesity
1.5K
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
1.5K
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
14.7K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
14.7K
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
4.0K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
4.0K
01:28Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways
5.4K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
5.4K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
5.3K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.3K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
5.7K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.7K