産業用化学物質による発達神経毒性
1Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. pgrand@hsph.harvard.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|December 19, 2006
まとめ
工業用化学物質は,低用量でも,小児の神経発達障害を引き起こす可能性があります. 現在の規制と発達神経毒性の検査は不十分であり,発達中の脳を保護するために予防的アプローチが必要である.
科学分野:
- 環境衛生 環境衛生 環境衛生
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
背景:
- 自閉症やADHDのような神経発達障害 (NDD) は一般的であり,費用がかかり,原因はほとんど不明で,終身障害につながります.
- いくつかの産業用化学物質 (鉛,水銀,PCBなど) は,NDDと脳の機能不全の既知の原因であり,特に初期の発達期に起因する.
- 多くの化学物質が成人の神経毒性機能にリスクをもたらすが,発達中の脳への影響はほとんど評価されず,規制されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 発達神経毒性の検査における重大なギャップを強調する.
- 化学薬品への曝露から子どもを保護するための現在の規制アプローチの不十分さを強調する.
- 発達中の脳のユニークな脆弱性を考慮して,化学的評価と制御のための新しい予防的戦略を提唱する.
主な方法:
- 化学薬品への曝露と神経発達障害に関する既存の文献のレビュー.
- 化学品の安全性に関する現在の規制枠組みと試験プロトコルの分析.
- 発達神経毒性の評価における限界を特定する.
主要な成果:
- 既知の神経毒性のある工業化学物質は,成人に比べて低用量で胎児の脳損傷を引き起こす可能性があります.
- リスク認識と予防措置の実施の間には,かなりの遅れがあります.
- 多くの化学物質の発達神経毒性に対する体系的な検査が欠如しており,子供を保護するための規制も不十分です.
結論:
- 発達神経毒性検査のギャップと高い規制証明要件は,化学的に誘発されたNDDの予防を妨げています.
- 発達中の脳の独特の脆弱性は,化学物質の安全性における予防的原則への移行を必要とします.
- 化学薬品による害から子どもの神経発達を保護するために,新しい検査と制御戦略の緊急実施が必要である.
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