UvrDヘリケーゼは,2つの部分のパワーストロークによってDNAを1つの塩基対ずつ解き放つ
1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Cell
|December 28, 2006
まとめ
UvrDのようなDNAヘリケーズは,新しい2部分のパワーストロークメカニズムを使用してDNAを解き放つ. ATP結合はDNAを回転させ翻訳し,ADP放出は鎖を転位させ,ATP分子あたり1つの塩基対を解き放ちます.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
- 構造生物学 構造生物学とは
背景:
- DNAヘリケーゼは,ATPの水解を用いて二重鎖のDNAを解く重要な酵素です.
- 以前のモデルでは,DNAヘリコゼのインチワームのような転位メカニズムが示唆されていた.
- ヘリコースメカニズムを理解することは,DNAの代謝と修復を理解するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- UvrDヘリカーゼによるDNA解のステップ・バイ・ステップメカニズムを解明する.
- ヘリカーゼ機能におけるATP水解中介物質の役割を決定する.
- 構造レベルでの転移と解消プロセスを解決する.
主な方法:
- X線結晶学を用いて,UvrDヘリコースの構造を把握した.
- DNAとATPの水解中介物質を含む複合体を分析した.
- 構造データは,DNAの解き放たれと転位プロセスをモデル化するために使用されました.
主要な成果:
- ATP結合は,回転と翻訳によってDNAの解き放たれを誘導し,1つの塩基対を移動させます.
- ADPとPiの放出は,単一鎖DNAの転位を促進する.
- Wrench-and-inchwormメカニズムを組み合わせることで,観察されたDNAの解き放たれが説明されます.
- ゲートウェイと代替モードでは,ステップサイズが変動することがあります.
結論:
- UvrDヘリケーゼは,DNA解き放つために2つの部分のパワーストロークメカニズムを使用しています.
- このメカニズムは,DNAの解き放たれと鎖の転位のための明確なステップを含んでいます.
- 構造的洞察は,核酸代謝におけるヘリカーゼ機能の詳細な理解を提供します.
関連する概念動画
The DNA Replication Fork
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork. Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
DNA Helicases
DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
DNA Topoisomerases
Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. Type I...
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types. Type I...
Homologous Recombination
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Homologous Recombination
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...


