ヒト免疫不全ウイルスの遺伝的変異は,細胞毒性T細胞認識から逃れることができる
R E Phillips1, S Rowland-Jones, D F Nixon
1Molecular Immunology Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK.
Nature
|December 12, 1991
まとめ
HIVと戦う細胞毒性T細胞の有効性は変動する. 患者のウイルスの変異により,HIVがこれらの免疫細胞を回避し,免疫脱出の重要なメカニズムである.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 細胞毒性Tリンパ球 (CTLs) は,ヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) を含むウイルス感染症の制御に不可欠です.
- HIVは有意な遺伝的多様性を表しており,これは宿主の免疫システムによる認識に影響を与える可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- HIV陽性の個体におけるCTL特異性とウイルスの遺伝子変異の間の動的関係を時間とともに調査する.
- ウイルスのエピトープ配列の変化がCTL応答の変化と相関し,免疫脱出に寄与するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- HIV陽性患者の縦断分析.
- HIVに対する細胞毒性T細胞の特異性の評価.
- 患者リンパ球におけるプロバイラルガグDNAエピトープの配列決定.
主要な成果:
- HIVを標的とする細胞毒性T細胞の特異性における観測された変動.
- 同じ患者のリンパ球内のproviral gag DNAのエピトープ配列の変動が検出されました.
- 患者の自同T細胞によって認識されなかった特定のウイルス変異を特定しました.
結論:
- T細胞エピトープを標的とするウイルスの遺伝子変異は,HIVに感染した個体にも存在しています.
- これらの変異の蓄積は,HIVの免疫脱出のためのメカニズムを提供します.
- このダイナミックな相互作用を理解することは,効果的なHIV免疫療法を開発するために不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
01:40Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Overview
01:28Cells of the Innate Immune Response
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
01:20Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
01:26Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
01:28Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
01:29Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...