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生息地の改変により,熱帯の宿主寄生虫の食物網の構造が変化します
Jason M Tylianakis1, Teja Tscharntke, Owen T Lewis
1Agroecology, Georg August University, Waldweg 26, Goettingen D-37073, Germany. jason.tylianakis@canterbury.ac.nz
Nature
|January 12, 2007
まとめ
生息地の転換は,安定した種豊かさであっても,複雑な食物網を変化させます. 農業の変化は,蜂とハゲの相互作用を簡素化し,受粉や害虫対策などの重要な生態系サービスに影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- エントモロジー エントモロジー学
- 保護生物学の保護生物学
背景:
- 生息地の変更,特に農業への転換は,種の組成を大幅に変化させます.
- 生態系コミュニティ内の種の相互作用に対する生息地の改変の影響は,まだあまり理解されていない.
- 食物網の構造は,コミュニティの安定と機能に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- ハビタット改変が,巣穴に巣を作るミツバチ,ホース,およびそれらの寄生虫の食物網の構造にどのように影響するか分析する.
- 住環境の変化に対応した相互作用の均等性およびエネルギーフローの変化を調査する.
- 変化した食物網が生態系サービスに及ぼす影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 穴を巣づく蜂,ホース,寄生虫からの48の定量的な食物網の分析.
- 変化のグラデントを表す5つの熱帯生息地タイプの比較.
- 種の多様性,相互作用の頻度,寄生虫と宿主の比率の定量化.
主要な成果:
- ハビタット改変は,種豊かさの最小限の変動にもかかわらず,食物網の構造に大きな変化をもたらしました.
- 変化した生息地では相互作用均一性が低下し,エネルギー流が集中した.
- 改変された生息地では,寄生虫と宿主比が高く,寄生性の割合が増加しました.
- 改変された生息地での豊富な寄生虫種は,専門性の増大を示した.
結論:
- 変化した食物網構造は,生息地改変の重要な,しばしば見過ごされる結果です.
- 相互作用ネットワークの変化は,授粉や生物学的制御のような重要な生態系サービスを損なう可能性があります.
- 種の豊かさにのみ焦点を当てたコミュニティ・ディスクリプタは,生息地の変化の機能的影響を検出できない可能性があります.
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