子どもの発達:発展途上国における有害な結果の危険因子
Susan P Walker1, Theodore D Wachs, Julie Meeks Gardner
1Epidemiology Research Unit, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. susan.walker@uwimona.edu.jm
Lancet (London, England)
|January 16, 2007
まとめ
貧困は子どもの発達を妨げ,世界中で何百万人もの人に影響を与えています. 発育阻害,不十分な刺激,欠陥に対する緊急の介入は,子どもの健康と潜在能力を改善するために必要である.
科学分野:
- グローバル・チルドレン・デベロップメント
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 発達小児科 発達小児科
背景:
- 貧困と関連する要因は,2億人以上の子どもの発達可能性を妨げています.
- 子どもの発達は,出生から5歳までの生物学的および心理的社会的リスクによって大きく影響を受けます.
研究 の 目的:
- 変更可能なリスクと子供の発達を結びつける証拠をレビューする.
- 緊急の介入を必要とする主要なリスク要因を特定する.
- 子どもの発達に関する将来の研究分野を強調する.
主な方法:
- 子どもの発達リスクに関する証拠の体系的なレビュー.
- 重要な生物学的および心理的社会的リスク要因の特定と優先順位付け.
- 多重リスクの累積的な影響の分析.
主要な成果:
- 発育阻害,不十分な認知刺激,ヨウ素欠乏症,鉄欠乏性貧血に対する緊急の介入が推奨されています.
- 十分な証拠は,マラリア,子宮内成長制限,母性うつ病,暴力への曝露,重金属への曝露に対する介入を支持しています.
- リスク要因はしばしば同時に発生し,不良な発達結果を悪化させます.
結論:
- 重要な危険因子に対処することは,何百万もの子供の発達の可能性を解き放つために極めて重要です.
- 特定されたリスクに対する介入は,子どもの発達に対する貧困の悪影響を軽減することができます.
- 様々なリスク要因が子どもの発達に与える影響を完全に理解するためには,さらなる研究が必要である.
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