アクチンネットワークの可逆性ストレス軟化
Ovijit Chaudhuri1, Sapun H Parekh, Daniel A Fletcher
1UC San Francisco /UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering and Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Nature
|January 19, 2007
まとめ
細胞の機械的性質は極めて重要です. アクチンネットワークは,圧縮下でのフィラメントの折りたたみによるストレスの軟化を示し,細胞力学の複雑な弾力性を明らかにします.
科学分野:
- 細胞力学 細胞力学
- バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
- 細胞骨格のダイナミクス
背景:
- アクチン・フィラメント・ネットワークは,細胞力学にとって重要であり,硬さや力伝送に影響を及ぼします.
- 生理学的条件下におけるインビトロアクチンネットワークの機械的性質を定量化することは依然として困難です.
- 以前の研究では,フィラメントの延長抵抗によるアクチンネットワークのストレス硬化が示されました.
研究 の 目的:
- 復元された dendritic アクチン ネットワークの機械的性質を調査する.
- アクチンネットワークにおける単純な硬化を超えて,ストレス-ストレスの行動を調査する.
- 細胞の機械的反応におけるフィラメント圧縮の役割を理解する.
主な方法:
- 機械的な探査のために,改造された原子力顕微鏡 (AFM) を利用しました.
- 細胞のラメリポディアを模倣して,再構成されたデンドリティックアクチンネットワークを in vitro で再構築した.
- ネットワークの変形とストレス-ストレスの関係を観察するために制御された力を適用した.
主要な成果:
- 以前の発見と一致する,より低い負荷で観察されたストレスの硬化.
- より高い負荷で,新たな可逆性ストレス軟化行動が特定されました.
- ストレスの軟化が,圧縮下で個々のアクチン繊維の弾性的な歪みによるものであることが実証された.
結論:
- アクチンネットワークは,ストレスの硬化とストレスの軟化の両方を示し,複雑な弾力性を示す.
- 圧縮下でフィラメントの弾性的な屈折は,可逆的な軟化のための重要なメカニズムです.
- このエントロピックとエンタルピック弾力性の相互作用は,アクチンネットワークの機械的振る舞いを支配する.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments
The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
Actin Filament Depolymerization
Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments
The polymerization of G-actin monomers into filamentous F-actin is a multi-step process. Once the F-actins are formed, they can bundle together in different arrangements to form higher-order networks and regulate cellular functions. Common examples include the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the cell's leading edge by actin reorganization in a migrating cell. The microvilli on the brush border epithelial cells are also formed through the F-actin network.
The high-order actin networks...
The high-order actin networks...
Destabilization of Microtubules
The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...
Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility
Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate.
Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces
In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue.
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...


