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Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions03:26

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
Determining the pH of Salt Solutions04:08

Determining the pH of Salt Solutions

The pH of a salt solution is determined by its component anions and cations. Salts that contain pH-neutral anions and the hydronium ion-producing cations form a solution with a pH less than 7. For example, in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution, NO3− ions do not react with water whereas NH4+ ions produce the hydronium ions resulting in the acidic solution. In contrast, salts that contain pH-neutral cations and the hydroxide ion-producing anions form a solution with a pH greater than 7. For...
Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions01:27

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

Acids and bases play several important roles in biology. The pH of a biological system can significantly impact the function of biological molecules, including enzymes, proteins, and nucleic acids. For example, enzymes have optimal pH ranges for their activity, and changes in pH can denature or alter their structure, affecting their function. Acids and bases also play a crucial role in cellular signaling and communication. The pH of the extracellular fluid around cells can influence the...
Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction facilitates the...
Mixtures of Acids01:19

Mixtures of Acids

The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending on the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
In a strong and weak acid mixture, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions present in the solution. In contrast, the weak acid shows...

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Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides
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Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides

Published on: June 24, 2013

カスカディア・マージンの複合ガス水化合物.

Hailong Lu1, Yu-taek Seo, Jong-won Lee

  • 1Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6.

Nature
|January 19, 2007
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

科学者たちは,バークリー・キャニオンで構造H天然ガス水合体を発見し,自然界でその存在を確認した. これらの複雑な水素は13以上の炭化水素を含み,構造Iよりも安定しており,エネルギー探査を拡大する可能性があります.

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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
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Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

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Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants
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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides
11:00

Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides

Published on: June 24, 2013

Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
10:18

Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

Published on: February 21, 2017

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants
12:06

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

Published on: October 19, 2017

科学分野:

  • 地質化学 地質化学
  • 地質学 地質学 地質学
  • 材料科学 材料科学とは

背景:

  • 天然ガスの水素は,潜在的なエネルギー源であり,気候変動と地質学的危険に関連しています.
  • メタンは,構造I水素における主要なゲスト分子であり,構造II水素にはより重い炭化水素が含まれています.
  • より大きな分子を捕まえる構造のH水素は,研究室で合成されているが,自然界では発見されていない.

研究 の 目的:

  • 複雑な天然水素サンプルの構造,ガス含量,組成,およびゲスト分子の分布を特徴付ける.
  • 構造H水素の自然発生の直接的な証拠を提供するために.
  • 複雑な天然水素の安定性場を決定する.

主な方法:

  • バークリー・キャニオンから回収された複雑な天然水素のサンプルを分析した.
  • ハイドレート構造,ガス含量,ゲスト分子組成の特徴.
  • 水素の安定性フィールドの決定.

主要な成果:

  • 構造H水素が自然に存在するという直接的な証拠が見つかりました.
  • 構造Hの水素試料は,構造IIの水素と密接に関連していた.
  • 複雑な水素酸には13種類以上の異なる炭化水素のゲスト分子が含まれていた.
  • 複合水素の安定場は,構造IIと構造Hの水素の安定場の間にある.

結論:

  • 構造 H 水素は自然に発生し,以前の仮定に異議を唱える.
  • 複雑な天然水素は,構造I水素よりも安定しています.
  • この発見は,天然水素堆積物の圧力-温度範囲がより広いことを示し,エネルギー資源の可能性に影響を与える可能性があります.