発展途上国における2億人以上の子どもの発達の可能性の喪失を避けるための戦略
Patrice L Engle1, Maureen M Black, Jere R Behrman
1UNICEF, New York, NY, USA. Pengle@calpoly.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|January 24, 2007
まとめ
効果的な幼児発達プログラムは,幼児の潜在能力を高めます. これらの高品質で統合された介入の拡大は,世界の開発目標にとって極めて重要です.
科学分野:
- 子どもの発達 子供の発達 子供の発達
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 発達心理学の心理学について
背景:
- 発展途上国の5歳未満の子ども2億人以上は,発達の可能性に達していない.
- 特定されたリスクには,発育阻害,欠乏 (ヨウ素,鉄),不十分な刺激,母性うつ病や環境要因などの潜在的なリスクが含まれます.
- この論文は,子どもの発達とリスクを検討するシリーズに続くものです.
研究 の 目的:
- 子どもの発達を促進するための戦略を評価する.
- 子どもの発達の可能性の喪失を予防または軽減するための方法を特定する.
- 幼児発達介入に関する政策と実践を伝える.
主な方法:
- 幼児発達プログラムに関する既存の研究の文献レビューと合成.
- 効果に関連したプログラムの特徴の分析.
- プログラムのカバーとスケーラビリティに影響を与える要因の評価.
主要な成果:
- 最も効果的な幼児発達プログラムは,直接的な学習体験と家族のサポートを提供しています.
- ターゲットを絞り,長期間,高品質で,他のサービスと統合されたプログラムは,より大きなインパクトを示します.
- 強力な証拠にもかかわらず,これらの効果的なプログラムのカバーは低いままです.
結論:
- 高品質で費用対効果の高い幼児発達プログラムは,貧困削減と教育達成を含む世界的な開発目標を達成するために不可欠です.
- 政府と市民社会は,実証された幼児発達介入の拡大を優先しなければなりません.
- 学習,健康,栄養,家族支援を組み合わせた総合的なアプローチが最も有益です.
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