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Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high affinity and are together...
Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 12, 2026

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum
09:40

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum

Published on: September 20, 2011

A Rac-cGMPシグナル伝達経路である

Dagang Guo1, Ying-cai Tan, Dawei Wang

  • 1Department of Physiology, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY 10021, and Division of Experimental Hematology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.

Cell
|January 27, 2007
PubMed
まとめ

小型GTPase RacとサイクルGMP (cGMP) は,重要な細胞調節体である. この研究は,RacがPAKを使用してガニリルサイクラゼを活性化し,細胞移動とラメリポディアム形成のためのcGMPを増加させることを明らかにしています.

さらに関連する動画

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells
10:27

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells

Published on: March 9, 2012

Establishment of a High-throughput Setup for Screening Small Molecules That Modulate c-di-GMP Signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
11:31

Establishment of a High-throughput Setup for Screening Small Molecules That Modulate c-di-GMP Signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Published on: June 30, 2016

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum
09:40

Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum

Published on: September 20, 2011

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells
10:27

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells

Published on: March 9, 2012

Establishment of a High-throughput Setup for Screening Small Molecules That Modulate c-di-GMP Signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
11:31

Establishment of a High-throughput Setup for Screening Small Molecules That Modulate c-di-GMP Signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Published on: June 30, 2016

科学分野:

  • 細胞の信号伝達経路は,
  • 細胞の調節の分子メカニズム
  • 2次メッセンジャーの生化学

背景:

  • 小型GTPase RacとサイクルGMP (cGMP) は,細胞機能にとって極めて重要です.
  • Racシグナル伝達には通常,下流効果因子としてp21活性化キナーゼ (PAK) が含まれる.
  • 膜受容体とcGMPの調節を結びつけるメカニズムは不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • Racを細胞のcGMPに接続するシグナル伝達経路を発見する.
  • Racが,その効果因子を介してcGMPレベルにどのように影響するか解明する.
  • この経路が細胞移動と形態学における役割を理解する.

主な方法:

  • 研究されたRac-PAKの相互作用と,ガニリルサイクラゼ (GC) 活性に対するその影響.
  • 細胞ベースの測定法を使用して,cGMPレベルを測定しました.
  • 繊維芽細胞の移転とラメリポディアムの形成における Rac/PAK/GC/cGMP経路の役割を調べました.

主要な成果:

  • Racが,PAK経由で,トランスメブランガニリルサイクラゼ (GCs) を直接活性化することを実証した.
  • この活性化により,細胞内cGMPレベルが上昇することが示されました.
  • Rac/PAK/GC/cGMP経路が,血小板由来成長因子誘発の線維芽細胞移動とラメリポディアム形成に関与することを確認した.

結論:

  • PAKとGCを通じてRacをcGMP生産にリンクする新しいシグナル伝達経路を確立しました.
  • 接続されたRacとcGMPシグナル伝達,細胞生理学の2つの重要なレギュレータ.
  • cGMP上昇による生理学的反応の受容体媒介調節のための一般的なメカニズムを提供した.