火星の大気浸食の速度は,火星の大気浸食の速さです
Stas Barabash1, Andrei Fedorov, Rickard Lundin
1Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, 98128 Kiruna, Sweden. stas@irf.se
まとめ
火星は,古代の二酸化炭素大気を宇宙に失いました. 現在の太陽風の相互作用は低脱出率を明らかにし,火星の表面下にはまだ水と二酸化炭素が存在している可能性があることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 惑星科学 惑星科学
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 天体生物学 アストロバイオロジー
背景:
- 火星は,潜在的に居住可能な湿った環境から現在の乾燥状態へと移行した.
- 火星の初期の二酸化炭素大気の喪失を理解することは,惑星の進化の研究にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 火星からの主要な種の現在の大気脱出率を定量化します.
- 地質学的時間尺度における大気全体の損失を推定する.
- 惑星の古代の気候と潜在的な居住可能性への影響を調査します.
主な方法:
- 太陽風の相互作用によるイオン脱出率 (O+,O2+,CO2+) を測定した.
- 35億年にわたる現在の脱出率を推計した.
- 分析されたエネルギーの範囲は,30〜3万 eV/充電です.
主要な成果:
- 現在の脱出速度は:O+ (1.6x10^23/s, 4 g/s),O2+ (1.5x10^23/s, 8 g/s),CO2+ (8.10^22/s, 6 g/s) である.
- 35億年にわたって0.2-4ミリバーのCO2と数センチメートルの水の除去が推定されています.
- 全体的な大気脱出率は低いと判断されています.
結論:
- 計算された低い大気損失は,水と二酸化炭素の大量の貯蔵庫が火星の表面の下にとどまることを示唆しています.
- 地下貯水池やその他の大気逃亡メカニズムを調査するためにさらなる研究が必要である.
- この発見は,火星の初期の大気の完全な喪失に関する以前の仮定に異議を唱えている.
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