パッシブ・喫煙と心臓病のリスク
1National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226.
JAMA
|January 1, 1992
まとめ
環境におけるたばこ煙 (ETS) は,決してタバコを吸わない人の心臓病による死亡リスクを大幅に増加させる. この二手喫煙による曝露は,米国で年間35,000〜40,000人の死亡の原因と推定されています.
科学分野:
- 心血管伝染病学 心血管伝染病学
- 環境衛生科学 環境衛生科学
背景:
- 環境におけるたばこ煙 (ETS) は,重大な公衆衛生上の問題である.
- 喫煙しない人のETS曝露と心臓病死亡率との関連は,徹底的な調査を必要としています.
研究 の 目的:
- 環境におけるたばこ煙 (ETS) 曝露と,非喫煙者における心臓病による死亡リスクの増加との関連を示す証拠をレビューする.
- ETSに起因する米国における心臓病による死亡の年間数を推定し,暴露された非喫煙者の個々のリスクを推定する.
主な方法:
- 9つの疫学研究と多数の実験研究の体系的レビュー.
- 相対リスクの分析,用量反応関係,および混同要因の制御.
主要な成果:
- 9つの研究では,ETSに曝露した禁煙者において,心臓病による死亡の相対的なリスクが0.9から3.0の範囲にあることが示されました.
- 実験的研究によると,ETSは短期的および長期的メカニズムを通じて心血管系を損傷する.
- 推定3万5千~4万人の米国で毎年発生する,心不全性疾患による死亡は,ETSへの曝露に起因している.
結論:
- ETSの公衆衛生上の負担は,肺がんよりも心臓病のほうが大きい.
- ETSによる心臓病による死亡の個人生涯過剰リスクは,100%の1〜3の範囲です.
- ETSのエクスポージャーは,国内航空交通を除き,連邦政府によって規制されていません.
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