種の相互作用は,気候変動に対する草原の反応を逆転させます
K B Suttle1, Meredith A Thomsen, Mary E Power
1Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. kbsuttle@socrates.berkeley.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 3, 2007
まとめ
気候変動が生態系に及ぼす影響は複雑である. 直接的な気候の影響だけでなく,種の相互作用が,生態学的反応と食物網のダイナミクスを時間の経過とともに大幅に変化させます.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 気候変動 生物学
- 生態系ダイナミクス 生態系ダイナミクス
背景:
- 生態学的な予測は,多くの場合,種に直接的な気候の影響に焦点を当てています.
- 気候変動の影響を媒介する種間の相互作用の役割は十分に研究されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 種間の相互作用が,変化した降雨パターンに対する草原コミュニティの反応にどのように影響するかを調査する.
- シミュレートされた気候変動下で,直接的な気候効果と生物学的相互作用の相互作用を評価する.
主な方法:
- カリフォルニアの草原で降雨の季節性および強度の実験操作.
- 5年間にわたって複数のトロフィックレベルでの応答のモニタリング.
- 大規模で複製されたプロットを利用し,気候モデルの予測と一致しています.
主要な成果:
- 変化した降雨状況下で,生産と多様性の初期増加が観察されました.
- 持続的な変化は,直接的な水の影響よりも,種間の相互作用が優先するようになった.
- 食品網の簡素化と消費者の豊かさの減少は5年後に起こった.
結論:
- 種の相互作用は,気候変動に対する生態系の反応の重要な原動力である.
- 生物学的フィードバックは,直接的な気候の影響によって予測された最初のコミュニティの軌道を逆転させることができます.
- 種間の相互作用を理解することは,正確な生態学的予測に不可欠です.
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