悲しみのステージ理論の経験的検討
Paul K Maciejewski1, Baohui Zhang, Susan D Block
1Department of Psychiatry, Women's Health Research, and Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
JAMA
|February 22, 2007
まとめ
悲しみの広く受け入れられているステージ理論は,経験的に支持されませんでした. 受け入れが最も一般的であった一方で,喪失後の6ヶ月以内に,恋しくなるような負の悲しみの指標はピークに達しました.
科学分野:
- 心理学 心理学とは
- 失恋に関する研究
- 悲しみの研究 悲しみの研究
背景:
- 悲しみのステージ理論は,遺族の喪失への適応のための一般的なモデルであり,広く教えられ,適用されています.
- 悲しみのステージ理論の経験的検証は限られている.
研究 の 目的:
- 悲しみのステージ理論を実証的に検証する.
- 喪失後の24ヶ月間にわたって,5つの悲しみの指標の変化パターンを評価する.
主な方法:
- 喪中した233人を対象とした縦断的なコホート研究.
- 損失後の24ヶ月間にわたって収集されたデータです.
- 不信,憧れ,怒り,鬱,そして受け入れを評価した.
主要な成果:
- 不信は,最初の支配的な悲しみの指標ではなく,受け入れが最も頻繁でした.
- 懐かしい気持ちは,悲しみの支配的なネガティブな指標でした.
- 負の悲しみの指標 (不信感,憧れ,怒り,鬱) は,喪失後約6ヶ月以内にピークに達し,受け入れは時間とともに増加しました.
結論:
- 発見は,悲しみの伝統的なステージ理論に挑戦しています.
- 悲しみの正常なパターンを理解することは,さらなる評価を必要とする個人を特定するのに役立ちます.
- 喪失後6ヶ月を超えた悲嘆の否定的な指標は,臨床的注意を正当化することがあります.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood
Erik Erikson, a stage theorist, adapted Freud's theory to emphasize social factors in personality development throughout life, a concept known as psychosocial development. Unlike Freud, who focused on early childhood, Erikson believed that personality evolves across eight life stages, each marked by a specific challenge or "crisis." Successful resolution of each stage fosters competence, while failure may lead to feelings of inadequacy.
The first four of Erikson's eight psychosocial stages...
The first four of Erikson's eight psychosocial stages...
Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adulthood
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development outlines a series of stages through which individuals progress across the lifespan. Each stage involves a psychosocial conflict that significantly influences personal growth and well-being. Three key stages — intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, and integrity versus despair — highlight the developmental challenges faced in adulthood.
Intimacy Versus Isolation in Early Adulthood
Individuals in early adulthood, from the 20s...
Intimacy Versus Isolation in Early Adulthood
Individuals in early adulthood, from the 20s...
Kubler Ross's Stages of Dying
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross significantly advanced psychology's understanding of the process of dying with her influential book, On Death and Dying (1969). She focused on studying terminally ill individuals and outlined five stages commonly experienced when coping with death: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
In denial, individuals reject the reality of their condition, often thinking, "This isn't true; I feel fine," as a way to protect themselves from emotional distress. Anger...
In denial, individuals reject the reality of their condition, often thinking, "This isn't true; I feel fine," as a way to protect themselves from emotional distress. Anger...
Bonanno's Theory of Grieving
Grieving is a complex psychological and emotional process that varies significantly among individuals. George Bonanno's research on bereavement identified four distinct patterns of grieving, offering a nuanced understanding of how people cope with significant loss, such as the death of a spouse, over extended periods. These patterns — resilience, recovery, chronic dysfunction, and delayed grief — highlight the diversity in emotional responses and adaptive mechanisms.
Resilience
The resilience...
Resilience
The resilience...
Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
Primary Appraisal:...
Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused
Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed to...


