HIV検査後のカウンセリングがSTD発生率に与える影響
J M Zenilman1, B Erickson, R Fox
1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Baltimore, Md.
JAMA
|February 12, 1992
まとめ
ヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) 検査とカウンセリングは,後に発生する性感染症 (STD) を有意に減少させなかった. HIV陽性とHIV陰性の両方の患者には,高頻度の性感染症の再発があり,公衆衛生上の課題を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
- 行動科学は,行動科学である.
背景:
- ヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) 検査とカウンセリングは,公衆衛生の重要な介入です.
- 性感染症 (STD) などの高リスク行動に対するこれらの介入の影響を理解することは,効果的な予防戦略にとって不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- HIV検査と検査後のカウンセリングの有効性を評価し,その後の高リスク行動,特に性感染症の発生率を減らす.
- 検査とカウンセリングの後に,HIV陽性対HIV陰性患者のSTD発生率を比較する.
主な方法:
- 公立性感染症診療所で,HIV陽性患者868人,HIV陰性患者1104人を対象に,診断表のレビューが行われました.
- 患者は年齢,性別,HIV検査の月によってマッチングされ,カウンセリング後の6〜23ヶ月間,発生性感染症を観察しました.
- STDの診断は,HIV検査結果の通知と検査後のカウンセリングの受付後に階層的に分類されました.
主要な成果:
- HIV陽性患者の71%とHIV陰性患者の63%がカウンセリングに復帰した一方で,両方のグループで重発性性感染症の有意な割合が観察されました.
- HIV陽性患者では,STDの発生率が3.9%で,HIV陽性患者では10.2%であった (P < .001).
- HIV陽性患者 (1.5%) よりもHIV陰性患者 (3.3%) の割合が高く,STDに感染した性パートナー (P < .03) を報告した.
結論:
- HIV陽性およびHIV陰性双方の個人は,検査後のカウンセリングの後,高頻度の性感染症の再発を示した.
- これらの発見は,高リスクの行動を予防し,STDの伝播を減らすための効果的な戦略の開発における重要な公衆衛生上の課題を強調しています.
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