単一型の原始細胞は正常な表皮を維持する
Elizabeth Clayton1, David P Doupé, Allon M Klein
1MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.
Nature
|March 3, 2007
まとめ
皮膚のホメオスタシスは,2つの異なる集団ではなく,単一の原始細胞タイプを含む場合があります. これらの細胞は,皮膚組織を維持するために対称的かつ非対称的に分裂し,従来の幹細胞モデルに挑戦します.
科学分野:
- 皮膚科 皮膚科について
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
背景:
- 現在の理解では,成人表皮の恒常性における2つの原始細胞集団を仮定しています:自己再生性幹細胞とトランジット増強性細胞です.
- トランジット増強細胞は,いくつかの分裂後に分化し,組織維持に貢献します.
研究 の 目的:
- 大人の表皮のホメオスタシスの基礎となる細胞動態を in vivo で調査する.
- 皮膚組織維持の既存のモデルに異議を唱え,改善する.
- 長期間,単細胞解像度で原始細胞の運命を追跡する.
主な方法:
- マウスの尾の表皮に誘導性遺伝的ラベリングを使用した.
- 単細胞解像度での原始細胞の運命を追跡した in vivo.
- 1年までの間隔で細胞の行動を監視した.
主要な成果:
- クローンサイズの分布は,単一の原始細胞タイプを含む改訂されたモデルをサポートします.
- この単一の原始細胞集団は,対称的および非対称的分裂の両方を経験します.
- 分裂率は,表皮の恒常性を維持することと一致しています.
結論:
- この発見は,一つの原始細胞タイプで表皮性ホメオスタシスの新しいモデルを示唆しています.
- これは,異なる幹細胞とトランジット増幅細胞集団の確立された見解に異議を唱える.
- この研究は,体内組織維持における幹細胞の正確な役割に関する疑問を提起している.
関連する概念動画
Adult Stem Cells
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells
The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell
A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells
Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Cells of the Epidermis
The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...


