北極の大気汚染:起源と影響
1Service d' Aéronomie, CNRS, IPSL/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Boitê 102, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris Cedex 05, 75252 France. kathy.law@aero.jussieu.fr
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 17, 2007
まとめ
エアロゾールやオゾンなどの大気汚染物質は,温室効果ガスとともに北極の温暖化に大きく貢献しています. これらの汚染物質は,他の場所からまたは地元の源から輸送され,地域の気候に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 大気化学 大気化学
- 北極研究 アークティック研究
背景:
- 北極は,著しい温暖化傾向を経験しています.
- 長寿命の温室効果ガスが主な要因であるが,大気汚染物質も重要な役割を果たしている.
- エアロゾールやオゾンなどの汚染物質は北極に運ばれ,特に冬と春 (北極の霧) の間,高濃度を引き起こします.
研究 の 目的:
- 北極の温暖化におけるエアロゾールやオゾンなどの大気汚染物質の役割を調査する.
- これらの汚染物質が北極の放射線予算に影響を与える特定のメカニズムを理解する.
- 将来の排出量の変化が北極の気候に与える潜在的な影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- 大気汚染物質の輸送経路の分析 (例えば,ユーラシアから).
- 船舶の排出量や北極森林の火災を含む汚染源の評価.
- 北極の環境におけるエアロゾールとオゾンによる放射能移転プロセスの評価.
主要な成果:
- 大気汚染物質,特にエアロゾールとオゾンが,北極圏の温暖化に大きく寄与していると考えられています.
- 特定の地域的プロセスにより,汚染物質の影響が強化される:エアロゾールの吸収は,雪/氷の反射性によって増幅され,光を吸収するエアロゾールは表面アルベドを減少させる.
- トロポスフィアのオゾン強制は,地域温暖化に寄与する要因でもある.
結論:
- 大気汚染物質は,二次的ではあるが,北極の温暖化の重要な要因である.
- 地域的なフィードバックメカニズムは,汚染物質の温暖化効果を拡大する.
- 将来の排出量の増加は,北極の地球温暖化を著しく悪化させる可能性があります.
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