高インパクトの一般医学雑誌に掲載されたランダム化対照試験の適格性基準: 系統的なサンプリングレビュー
Harriette G C Van Spall1, Andrew Toren, Alex Kiss
1Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
JAMA
|March 22, 2007
まとめ
ランダム化対照試験 (RCT) は,多くの場合,さまざまな患者グループを除外し,結果の汎用性に影響を与えます. これらの除外の正当化はしばしば不明確であり,臨床試験における報告の改善と考慮が必要である.
科学分野:
- クリニック・トライアル 臨床試験
- 医学研究方法論 医学研究方法論
- 根拠に基づいた医学は,証拠に基づいた医療です.
背景:
- ランダム化対照試験 (RCT) は,可行性および有効性に関する選択的適格性基準に依存しています.
- RCTにおける特定の患者集団を除外することは,結果の一般化を制限する可能性があります.
- 排除基準を理解することは,試験結果とその適用性を解釈する上で極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 主要な医学雑誌に掲載されたRCTにおける除外基準の性質と範囲を分析する.
- 排除基準が試験結果における様々な患者集団の表現にどのように影響するか評価する.
- 共通の除外基準の正当性を評価する.
主な方法:
- 1994年から2006年にかけて,一般医学雑誌に掲載されたRCTをMEDLINEで体系的に検索する.
- 4827件の論文の初期プールから283件の関連するRCTの選択.
- 排除基準の独立した抽出と重複の分類 (強く,潜在的に,または正当化されていない).
主要な成果:
- 共通する病状 (81.3%),年齢 (72.1%),併用薬 (54.1%),女性の性別 (39.2%) は,頻繁に除外される理由でした.
- 排除基準の47.2%だけが強く正当化されていると考えられ,12.0%は報告されていない.
- 薬物介入とマルチセンター試験では,特に薬物使用と併発性疾患については,より広範な除外が示され,正当性が低下しました.
結論:
- 主要なジャーナルのRCTには,しばしば明確な報告や除外基準の正当化が欠けている.
- 女性,子供,高齢者,および一般的な疾患を持つ人々の頻繁な排除は,一般化可能性を制限します.
- 透明な報告と排除基準の正当化は,RCTの臨床的有用性を高めるために不可欠です.
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